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Corrections > Exam #2 (Ch. 7-9) > Flashcards

Exam #2 (Ch. 7-9) Flashcards

1
Q

Lockup

A

Facility authorized to hold people before court appearances for up to 48 hrs, mostly administered by local police agencies

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2
Q

Free System

A

Jail operations are funded by a set amount paid each day per person held

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3
Q

Regional Jail

A

Facility operated between 2+ government units with a jail board drawn from representatives of the participating jurisdiction and having varying authority over policy, budget, operations, and oersonal

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4
Q

New-Generational Jail

A

Podular architectual design and management policies that emphasize interactions w/staff and provisions of services

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5
Q

Podular Unit

A

Self-contained living areas designed to hole 12-25 people, composed of individual cells and open areas

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6
Q

Direct Supervision

A

Staff have direct, continual physical interaction with people in jail

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7
Q

Therapeutic Justice

A

Philosophy of reorienting the jail experience into becoming rehabilitative

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8
Q

Bail

A

Amount of money, specified by judge, to be posted as a condition for pretrial release to ensure appearance of accused individual at trial

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9
Q

Release on recognizance

A

Pretrial release used when the judge believes the person’s ties in the community are sufficient to guarantee appearance in court

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10
Q

Day Reporting Center

A

Facility where people under pretrial release can attend intervention and appearance in court

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11
Q

Electronic Monitoring

A

Community supervision, uses electronic devices to maintain surveillance

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12
Q

Pretrial Diversion

A

Alternative to adjudication in which accused person agrees to conditions set by prosecutor in exchange of charges

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13
Q

Widening the Net

A

Increasing corrections by applying a diversion program to people charged w/offenses less serious

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14
Q

Absconders

A

People who fail to appear for a court date for no reasn

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15
Q

Preventative Detention

A

Detention of an accused person in pail to prevent crimes that are likely to be committed if freed before trial

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16
Q

John Agustus

A

first probation officer

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17
Q

Judicial Reprieve

A

A practice under English common law whereby a judge could suspend the imposition or execution of a sentence on condition of good behavior

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18
Q

Community Justice

A

Model of justice that emphasizes reparation to the victim and the community, approaching crime from a problem-solving perspective, and a citizen involvement in crime prevention

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19
Q

Recidivism

A

Return of a former correctional client to criminal behavior, as measured by new arrests or other problems

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20
Q

Evidence-Based Probation

A

Using correctional methods that have shown to be effective

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21
Q

Technical Violation

A

Failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation resulting in revocation of probation

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22
Q

Presentence Investigation (PSI)

A

Investigation and summary report of a convicted person’s background that helps the judge decide on an appropriate sentence

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23
Q

Victim Impact Statement

A

Description in a PSI of the costs of the crime for the victim, including emotional and financial loss

24
Q

Client-Specific Planning

A

Private investigation firns contract w/ the person who was convicted to conduct comprehensive background checks and suggest to judge sentencing options other than incarceration

25
Q

Power

A

Ability to force a person to do something they do not want to do

26
Q

Authority

A

Ability to influence a person’s actions w/o resorting to force

27
Q

Motivational Interviewing

A

Method for increasing the effectiveness of correctional treatment by having probation officer interact w/the client in ways that promote the client’s stake in the change process

28
Q

Standard Conditions

A

Constraints imposed on all probation clients

29
Q

Punitive Conditions

A

Constraints imposed on some probation clients to increase restrictiveness

30
Q

Treatment Conditions

A

Constraints imposed on some probation clients to force them to deal w/a significant problem or need

31
Q

Continuum of Sanctions

A

A graded range of correctional management strategies based on the degree of intrusiveness and control, along with a client is moved based on their response to correctional programs

32
Q

Stakes

A

Potential losses to victims and the system if someone recidivates

33
Q

Day FInes

A

Criminal penalty based on the amount of money a person earns in a day’s work

34
Q

Forfeiture

A

Gov’t seizure of property and other assets derived or used in criminal activities

35
Q

Community Service

A

Compensation for injury to society by the performance of service in the community

36
Q

Probation Center

A

Facility where people who fall behind in restitution are sent to make payments for their debt

37
Q

Intensive supervision probation (ISP)

A

Probation granted w/strict reporting to a probation officer who has limited caseloads

38
Q

House Confinement

A

Sentence served in their own home

39
Q

Shock Incarceration

A

Short period of incarceration followed by sentence reduction

40
Q

Principle of interchangeability

A

The idea that different forms of intermediate sanction can be calibrated to make them equivalent as punishments despite their differences in approach

41
Q

Who are in jails?

A

-85% males
-66% under 35 y/o
~50% white
-Little education & low income

42
Q

Special Problems in jail

A

-Suicide (Vulnerable, hopeless)
-2/3 People have mental health problems
-Substance dependency and withdrawal
-Medical nees
-Legal needs

43
Q

Benefit of Clergy

A

Whether or not can read a bible passage (Psalm 51)

44
Q

4 Ways to enter probation

A

1) Judge impose probation
2) Judge impose sentence that is suspended w/good behavior
3) Additional sentence for a previous sentence
4) Split sentence

45
Q

Decentralized

A

Administered by city/county

46
Q

Centralized

A

Administered by state

47
Q

Judiciary

A

Courts control probation

48
Q

Executive

A

Professional public admin

49
Q

Officer

A

Enforcing the law vs. helping offender

50
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Formal and informal constraints

51
Q

Case Management Systems

A

1) Statistical Risk Assessment
2) Systematic Need Assessment
3) Contact supervision standards
4) Case Planning
5) Workload Accounting

52
Q

Evidence-Based Practice

A

Using correctional methods that have been shown to be effective by well-designed research studies

53
Q

Public Safety Emphasis

A

1) Choose supervision strategies that reflect effectiveness of supervision
2) Set goals for improved supervision outcomes w/their client

54
Q

Ways Probation Ends

A

1) Person successfully completes period of probation
2) Person’s probationary status is revoked due to misbehavior

55
Q

Revocation

A

1) New arrest
2) New conviction
3) Rules violation

56
Q

Intermediate Sanctions can Improve Supervision

A

1) Intensify supervision
2) Provide specialization programs

57
Q

Halfway House

A

A physical structure owned by the state that serves as a temporary residence for offenders w/the defining characteristics are prosocial, increased supervision, free of drugs and control

Corrections (1 decks)

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