Exam 2 CV Drugs

Question 1

Ultimate goal for CV drugs

Answer 1

Oxygen delivery to tissues (DO2)

• depends on cardiac ouput (CO) and blood O2 content (CaO2)
• DO2 = CO x CaO2

Question 2

Equation for Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 2

CO = HR X SV

Question 3

Increased preload -> ____ CO

Increased afterload -> ____ CO

Increased contractility -> ____ CO

Answer 3

Increased preload -> increases CO

Increased afterload -> decreases CO

Increased contractility -> increases CO

Question 4

Which muscarinic receptor causes bradycardia?

Answer 4

M2

Question 5

Bradycardia is secondary to _____

Answer 5

Bradycardia is secondary to increased vagal tone

Question 6

What anticholinergic side effects is a concern for horses and ruminants?

Answer 6

Ileus and colic

Question 7

Which anticholinergic causes marked tachycardia and cross blood-brain barrier and placenta?

Answer 7

Atropine

Question 8

What 2 drugs are used as anti-arrhythmics?

Answer 8

1) Lidocaine (Class 1B)
2) Beta blockers (Class II)

Question 9

Dopamine is dose dependent. Receptor at:

Low dose?

Moderate dose?

High dose?

Answer 9

Low dose -> dopamine receptor

Moderate dose -> Beta receptor (increased inotropy & chronotropy)

High dose -> Beta & alpha receptor (increased inotropy & chronotropy & vasoconstriction)

Question 10

What is used as the common first-line treatment for hypotension in cats?

Answer 10

Dopamine

Question 11

Drug used for refractory shock or non-responsive
hypotension

Answer 11

Norepinephrine

Question 12

Drug used for CPR or anaphylactic shock

Answer 12

Epinephrine

Question 13

What drug is alpha-1 agonist only and used topical for nasal edema in horses?

Answer 13

Phenylephrine

Question 14

Which drug is primarily B1 and used commonly in equine anesthesia?

Answer 14

Dobutamine

Question 15

What drug is B1 and B2 agonist and used to treat 3rd degree AV block and bronchodilation?

Answer 15

Isoproterenol

Question 16

Strategy for Hypotension if patient is:

deep?

light?

Answer 16

deep -> turn down vaporizer

light -> add MAC-sparing drug, then turn down the vaporizer

Question 17

Treatment for VPCs

Answer 17

Lidocaine bolus + CRI

Question 18

Drug option for horse with decreased inotropy

Answer 18

Dobutamine

Question 19

Drug option for horses with vasodilation (decreased preload)

Answer 19

Ephedrine

(consider Dopamine, NE, Vasopressin if refractory)