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Med Con I > Exam 2 (Final) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Final) Flashcards

1
Q

name 7 functions of the skin

A 
cosmesis
sensory perception
thermoregulation
excretion
metabolism
absorption
protection
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2
Q

what percent of skin makes up our BW

A

15-20%

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3
Q

what fraction of circulating blood in the body does the skin receive

A

1/3

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4
Q

what is the pH of the acid mantle of the skin

A

4-6.5

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5
Q

what are the 3 layers of skin and how many sublayers to them are there

A

epidermis, 5
dermis, 2
subcutaneous tissue

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6
Q

how many epidermis cell types are there and what are they

A 
4:
keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells
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7
Q

which epidermis cell type makes the bulk of the outer layer and % of the eipderms does it make up

A

keratinocytes, 95%

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8
Q

where do the keratinocytes migrate to and from

A

from stratum basale to stratum corneum

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9
Q

purpose of melanocytes and where are they located

A

produce melanin (skin color)

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10
Q

what epidermis cell type is involved in immune function

A

langerhans cells

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11
Q

describe the epidermis’s vascularity

A

it has none

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12
Q

name the 5 sublayers of the epidermis

A 
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
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13
Q

which epidermis layer produces epidermal cells/keratinocytes, melanocytes, and merkel cells

A

stratum basale

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14
Q

which epidermis layer contains flattened cells, responsible for keratin

A

stratum spinosum

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15
Q

which epidermis layer contains keratinocytes undergoing differentiation

A

stratum granulosum

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16
Q

what is happening in the stratum granulosum

A

contains keratinocytes undergoing differentiation

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17
Q

which epidermis layer have translucent cells only found in palms and soles and has 3-5 layers of flattened eosinophilic cells

A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q

which epidermis layer has layers of dead keratinocytes

A

stratum corneum

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19
Q

what is the purpose of the epidermal/dermal junction and what happens to it when you age

A

withstand friction and shear forces on the skin

flattens with age, making geriatric skin more susceptible to skin tears

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20
Q

what substance makes up the dermis

A

collagen

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21
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

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22
Q

what separates the epidermis and dermis

A

basement membrane

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23
Q

which dermis layer contains sweat glands, hair follicles, nerves and blood vessels

A

reticular layer

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24
Q

what layer makes up most of the dermis and what %

A

reticular, 80%

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25
Q

what does the papillary layer of the dermis contain

A

highly vascular, capillaries, pain and touch receptors, and higher levels of water

26
Q

t or f: the vascular layer of the dermis regulates body temp

A

true and it also nourishes the epidermis

27
Q

name the cutaneous vasculature of the dermis

A

hair follicles, sebaceous (oil secreting) glands and sweat glands

28
Q

what does sebaceous mean

A

oil secreting

29
Q

what builds collagen and elastin in the dermis

A

major cell fibroblast

30
Q

name 5 functions of the dermal layer

A

hair production, sweat production, nourishment and waste removal, sensation, elasticity and strength of skin

31
Q

t or f: well vascularized dermis will withstand pressure for longer periods than subcutaneous tissue or muscle

A

true

32
Q

what is the fatty layer of the skin

A

subcutaneous layer

33
Q

which skin layer has a vascular plexus

A

subcutaneous layer

34
Q

which skin layer provides insulation to skin and body

A

subcutaneous layer

35
Q

the identification of what is the most important aspect of the dermatological physical examination

A

primary lesions (the lesions that are first to appear)

36
Q

describe secondary lesions

A

depressed and manifest below the plane of the skin

37
Q

what is erythema

A

redness

38
Q

telangiectasia refers to what

A

redness

39
Q

what is purpura

A

purple-ish spots on skin

40
Q

petechiae refers to what

A

purpura

41
Q

what is gangrene

A

lack of blood flow that leads to tissue death

42
Q

what is eschar

A

patches of dead skin

43
Q

what hormone influences skin integrity in women

A

estrogen

44
Q

most major changes in skin occurs in what layer

A

dermis

45
Q

what are the two independent aging processes

A

normal and extrinsic aging

46
Q

what’s another term for extrinsic aging

A

photoaging/dermatoheliosis

47
Q

when do dermatological changes start and when do they accelerate

A

3rd decade

6th decade

48
Q

what happens to keratinocytes and corneocytes during aging

A

becomes short and fat while corneocytes become bigger due to a decrease in epidermal turnover

49
Q

what happens to melanocytes during aging

A

decrease 8-20% per decade resulting in uneven pigmentation in elderly skin

50
Q

what happens to sebum production during aging

A

decreases 60%

51
Q

what happens to global lipid content during aging

A

decreases 65%

52
Q

what is the result of the decrease in global lipid content in aging skin

A

decreased moisture

53
Q

in aging skin, there is a flattening of the dermo-epidermal junction by more than _______ due to loss of _______.

A

1/3, dermal papillae

54
Q

what is normal aging of skin

A

slow, irreversible degeneration of tissue

55
Q

what is the primary cause of normal aging of skin

A

buildup of reactive oxygen species as a byproduct of cellular metabolism

56
Q

what happens to collagen turnover during the aging of skin

A

decreases

57
Q

gerontodermatological changes include a significantly ______ time to recover from mechanical depression

A

increased

58
Q

what happens to vessel walls in replicative senescence

A

thins

59
Q

what happens with oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange in replicative senescence

A

decreases

60
Q

what happens to tissue turnover in replicative senescence

A

slows

Med Con I (1 decks)

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