Exam 2 Fluid Therapy

Question 1

Distribution of Fluids in the body

Answer 1

40% ICF

20% ECF -> 5% Intravascular, 15% Interstitial

60% TBW

Question 2

K+ is the skeleton of ____
Na+ is the skeleton of ___
Protein (albumin) is the skeleton of ____

Answer 2

K+ is the skeleton of ICF
Na+ is the skeleton of ECF
Protein (albumin) is the skeleton of IVF

Question 3

Isotonic: RBC volume _____
Hypotonic: RBC volume _____
Hypertonic: RBC volume _____

Answer 3

Isotonic: RBC volume does not change
Hypotonic: RBC volume increases (hemolysis)
Hypertonic: RBC volume decreases

Question 4

Term used for osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
that tends to pull water into the vascular space

Answer 4

Oncotic pressure (or colloid osmotic pressure)

-albumin is the most important

Question 5

____ pressure drives fluids outward of the vascular space
____ pressure drives fluid inward

Answer 5

Hydrostatic pressure drives fluids outward of the vascular space
Oncotic pressure drives fluid inward

Question 6

Only ____ of balanced electroylte solutions stays intravascular

Answer 6

Only 1/3 of balanced electroylte solutions stays intravascular (30 min later)

Question 7

Maintenance solutions contains:

____ Na+

____ K+

Answer 7

Less Na+

More K+

-not generally appropriate for peri-operative use

Question 8

3 Indications of Hypertonic saline

Answer 8

1) Need for quick IV volume expansion
2) Severe shock (initial phase)
3) Head injury with elevated ICP

-rapidly draws water from ICF to ECF

Question 9

You have a dehydrated guinea pig without IV access. You plan to give isotonic infusion SC. Would you supplement it with 50% glucose?

a) Yes
b) No

Answer 9

b) No

Question 10

Main type of colloid

Answer 10

Hydroxy-ethyl starch (HES)

Question 11

4 routes of admin of crystalloid solutions

Answer 11

1) IV intravenous
2) IO intraosseous
3) SC subcutaneous
4) IP intraperitoneal

Question 12

___ mL/kg/h of crystalloid for maintenance during anesthesia

Answer 12

10 mL/kg/h

Question 13

When would you consider a dog hypotensive (mmHg)?

a) Doppler < 60
b) Doppler < 70
c) MAP < 60
d) MAP < 70

Answer 13

c) MAP < 60

Question 14

2 things that can immediately replace blood loss

Answer 14

1) Crystalloids (3 times the volume of lost blood)
2) Colloids (exact volume)

Question 15

A colic horse in endotoxin shock is waiting for you induce

anesthesia. The horse have received 5L of Ringers IV.

What would you do?

a) Induce anesthesia
b) Cancel anesthesia for the day and put into ICU
c) Give another 5L Ringers rapidly and induce
d) Give 2L hypertonic saline rapidly and induce

Answer 15

d) Give 2L hypertonic saline rapidly and induce