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biomechanics ii > Exam 2 - hip arthrology > Flashcards

Exam 2 - hip arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

describe the ligamentum teres

A

tubular
synovial-lined connective tissue housing acetabular artery
contains mechanoreceptors

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2
Q

how does the transverse acetabular ligament run

A

inferior portion of acetabulum

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3
Q

what is the acetabulum

A

deep, cuplike socket

place that femur attaches

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4
Q

describe the acetabular fossa

A

floor to fossa
no cartilage
no contact
filled with fat, blood vessels, synovial membrane, ligament

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5
Q

the femoral head normally contacts only along the ____ surface

A

lunate

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6
Q

what cartilage covers the acetabulum

where is it the thickest, why

A

articulate cartilage

articular cartilage is thickest along the superior anterior region as this is the highest joint force with walking

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7
Q

forces __% swing to ___% body weight (BW) at midstance

A

13%, 300%

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8
Q

during midstance, how does the acetabulum conform for walking

A

nitch widens
lunate deforms
increases contact area/decrease pressure

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9
Q

the stance phase is between _% and __% contact of the gate cycle

A

0%, 60%

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10
Q

the swing phase is between __% and ___% contact of the gate cycle

A

60%, 100%

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11
Q

the area of the joint contact increases from ~__% of the lunate surface during swing phase to about 98% during mid stance phase

A

20%

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12
Q

describe the acetabular labrum

what is its function

A

strong
flexible ring of fibrocartilage rim of the acetabulum
poor vascularized, well innervated

provides mechanical stability grip and deepens the socket

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13
Q

how does the transverse acetabular ligament run

A

spans the acetabular notch

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14
Q

what is the labro-chondral junction

A

internal labrum blends with articular cartilage of acetabulum

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15
Q

what is dysplastic acetabulum

A

malformed
does not fully cover the femoral head
chronic dislocation/OA/pain

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16
Q

how do you measure dysplastic acetabulum

A

center-edge (CE) - degree acetabulum covers femoral head

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17
Q

what is acetabular anteversion angle

A

extent to which the femur faces anteriorly

20 degrees

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18
Q

what is femoral version (ante/retro)

A

angular difference between axis of femoral neck and transcondylar axis of the knee

craigs test

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19
Q

what is acetabular anteversion

A

measurement used on cross-sectional imaging especially pelvic CT for the assessment of acetabular morphology

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20
Q

what is femoral torsion

what is the normal range

A

relative rotation between the bone’s shaft and neck

15 degrees

21
Q

what is considered excessive anteversion

what is retroversion

A

> 15 degrees excessive anteversion

< 15 degrees retroversion

22
Q

___ degrees anteversion in infants

A

40 degrees anteversion in infants

derotates to 25 degrees as child ages to 16 y.o.

23
Q

what can occur with excessive anteversion

A

hip dislocates/OS/increase contact stress

in-toeing

24
Q

what is the function of the illiofemoral/pubofemoral/ischiofemoral ligaments

A

reinforce external capsule, iliocapsularis, gluteus minimus, rectus femoris

25
Q

what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament

A

thick
strong, upside down Y medial and lateral
AIIS/rim of acetabulum to intertrochanteric line

elongated by full hip extension and full external rotation

26
Q

what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament

A

taught in hip abd/ext and some ER

27
Q

what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament

A

posterior
spirals
taught in IR and abd

28
Q

describe the iliocapsularis muscle

A

deep hip flexor

lateral to iliacus

origiantes from inferior fascet of the AIIS

attachment onto anterior hip joint capsule

29
Q

when are the iliofemoral ligaments stretched

what is the significance of the stretch

A

when the pelvis is posterior to the hip joints

stretch provides passive flexion torque at the hip, helps to balance the extension torque generated by gravity

30
Q

what position has the max joint congruity for the hip

A

90 degrees flexion, moderate abd and ER

31
Q

what are the oesteokinematics of hip motion

A

femoral on pelvic: femur about a fixed pelvis

pelvic on femoral: rotation of the pelvis over fixed femurs

32
Q

describe the femoral on pelvic in the sagittal plane

A

hip flexion: 120-140 degrees
pelvic tilt
lumbar flexion

with lE extended: 70-80 degrees

hip extension: 18-30 degrees

33
Q

describe the femoral on the pelvic in the frontal plane

A

abduction: 40-55 degrees limited by pubofemoral and adductor muscle

adduction: 20-25 degrees limited by abd/piriformis/ITB

34
Q

describe the femoral on pelvic in transverse plane

A

IR: 30-45 degrees

ER: 32-50 degrees

35
Q

describe the femoral on pelvic in transverse plane

A

IR: 30-45 degrees

ER: 32-50 degrees

36
Q

what are the 2 types of lumbopelvic rhythm

A

ipsidirectional, contradirectional

37
Q

describe the ipsidirectional pelvic on femoral motion

A

lumbar spine and pelvic move in same direction

maximizes angular displacement of entire trunk

38
Q

describe the contradirectional pelvic on femoral motion

A

lumbar spine and pelvis move in opposite direction

supralumbar can stay nearly stationary

used in walking where head and eyes need to be still

lumbar spine is decoupled

39
Q

what occurs in the sagittal plane furing pelvic rotation in the contradirectional lumbopelvic rhythm

A

hip flexion/anterior tilt/lumbar spine extension

hip extension/posterior tilt/spine flexion

40
Q

what occurs in the frontal plane during pelvic rotation in contradirectional lumbopelvic rhythm

A

abduction of supported hip (standing)/opposite iliac crest hikes/opposite side spine lateral flexion

adduction is opposite

41
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of hip flexion

A

roll anterior, slide posterior and inferior

42
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of hip extension

A

roll posterior, slide anterior and superior

43
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of internal rotation of the hip

A

roll anterior, slide posterior

44
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of external rotation of the hip

A

roll posterior and slide anterior

45
Q

escribe the arthrokinematics of hip abduction

A

roll superior and slide inferior

46
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of hip adduction

A

roll inferior and slide superior

47
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of hip adduction

A

roll inferior and slide superior

48
Q

during NWB hip abduction:

convex/concave or concave/convex

A

convex on concave

49
Q

during NWB hip abduction:

convex/concave or concave/convex

A

concave on convex

biomechanics ii (7 decks)

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