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Pathology > Exam 2-Immunity > Flashcards

Exam 2-Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity

A

born w/
mediated by cells and proteins that are poised and ready to fight, being called into action immediately in response to infection

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2
Q

adaptive immunity

A

dev by exposure to pathogens (antigens not recog by MHC)

  • aka acquired/specific
  • natural vs artificial
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3
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex

A

codes for cell surface compatibility (human leukocyte antigens) makes sure that all self cell antigens are recog and ‘tolerated’. only UN-reg Ag will NOT be tolerated

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4
Q
  • body makes own antibodies

- longterm

A

active immunity

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5
Q

-antibodies borrowed from someone else

A

passive immunity

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6
Q

form activated lymphocytes, providing cell-mediated immunity, a major defense against infections due to viruses, fungi, tubercle bacilli, tumors.

-cell-mediated imm

A

t lymphocytes

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7
Q

form antibodies that provide humoral imm, a major defense against bacterial infection

  • humoral
  • plasma cells
A

b lymphocytes

*modified b cells

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8
Q

cells of immune sys

A 
B and T lymphocytes
macrophage or histiocytes-APCs
dendritic cells-APCs
plasma cells
NK cells
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9
Q

any round cell with rather dense staining nucleaus and minimal cytoplasm in connective tissue, a bit bigger than RBC is a:

A

lymphocyte

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10
Q

T lymphocytes ->

A
  • helper t cells (CD4 T cells)
  • cytotoxic t cells (CD8 t cells)-destroy transplanted and other foreign cells
  • memory t cells
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11
Q

B lymphocytes ->

A
  • plasma cells
  • memory b cells
  • IgGAMDE
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12
Q

subtype helper t cells:

  • TH1
  • TH2
A
  • secrete IL-2 and interferon

- IL4 and IL5

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13
Q

after exposure to a given antigen, a small # of activated B and T cells

A

memory b and t cells

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14
Q

stuff Golgi app w/ immunoglobulins

A

plasma cells

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15
Q

type of macrophage w/ many spiny cytoplasmic processes, found in skin, brain, liver.
-are APC

A

dendritic cell

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16
Q

type of cytotoxic lymphocyte.

  • reject tumors and cells infected by viruses.
  • release cytoplasmic granules (perforin) and granzyme cause target cell by apoptosis
  • a crucial gatekeeper of MHC. activated or not, when presented w/ MHC or not
  • virus and it can kill cell
A

NK cells

17
Q
  • round cells
  • ovoid cytoplasm
  • peripheral chromatin
  • ‘clear zone’ bet nucleus and wider lip of cytoplasm
A

plasma cells

18
Q
  • Macrophages in tissue:
  • kupffer cell
  • sinus histiocytes
  • Langerhans cell
  • hofbauer cell
  • intraglomerular mesangial cell
  • epithelioid cell
A
  • liver
  • lymph node
  • skin and mucosa
  • placenta
  • kidney
  • granulomas

*study slide

19
Q

Ig functions

A

*study slide

20
Q

early innate immune response to microbes

A
  • epithelial barriers
  • phagocytes
  • NK cells
  • plasma proteins
21
Q

messenger molecules of the immune syst

  • activate macrophage, killing of ingested microbes
  • cause inflammation
A

cytokines

22
Q

causes of hypersensitivity

A
  • autoimmunity
  • rxns against microbes
  • rxns against environ antigens
23
Q
  • b cell deficiency
  • t cell “
  • phagocytic cell “
  • complement “
A
  • bacterial infections
  • fungal, protozoal, viral infections
  • systemic bacterial opportunistic infections, skin infections, pyogenic infections (bacterial)
  • pyogenic infections
24
Q

examples of autoimmune disease

A
  • rheumatoid arthritis-RF autoantibody against Fc portion of Igc
  • sjogren syndrome-salivary glands, kidneys, lungs
  • scleroderma-fibrosis, autoantibodies
25
Q

primary immunodeficiencies of B lymphocytes

A
  1. x-linked agammaglobulinemia of bruton
    - defective b cell tyrosine kinase gene
    - staphylococcus, H. influenza
  2. common variable immunodeficiency
    b lymphocyte don’t secrete antibody (divide or non-divide)
26
Q

selective Ig deficiencies

A
  1. isolated IgA def: low levels of IgA
    - high freq of respiratory tract allergy
  2. HIGM: many IgM autoantibodies
27
Q

primary immunodeficiencies of t lymphocytes

A
  1. DiGeorge’s syndrome(thymic hypoplasia): no T cells, thymus, parathyroid gland
28
Q

primary immunodef of t and b lymphocytes

A
  1. reticular dysgenesis: dev’tal arrest of precursor cells at a very early stage
  2. severe combined immunodef disease (SCID): no t or b cells, defective lymphoid stem cells
  3. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: t cell declines overtime, abnormal platelet bleeding
29
Q

primary immunodef of phagocytic cells

A
  1. chediak-hegashi syndrome: low NK cell function, intracellular killing delayed
    - albinism
30
Q

abnormalities in complement system

A
  1. hereditary angioedema: C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
    - increased kinin-related proteins
    - recurrent attacks of swelling

Pathology (5 decks)

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