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Biology of Disease II > Exam 2: Infectious Diseases of the Skin > Flashcards

Exam 2: Infectious Diseases of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Pyoderma

A

Pus in skin
Follicular opening common portal of entry

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2
Q

Define: Bacterial Pyogranulomatous Dermatitis

A

Traumatic implantation of saprophytic organisms

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3
Q

Define: Systemic Bacterial Infections

A

Often severe due to vascular damage or toxins produced by the organisms
Immunocompromised

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4
Q

What does bacterial pyoderma look like grossly?

A

Papules, pustules, epidermal collarettes/epidermitis/folliculitis
Deep pyoderma = nodules, draining tracts related to furunculosis

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5
Q

What does bacterial pyoderma look like histologically?

A

Intra-epidermal pustules
Hair follicles: perifolliculitis, folliculitis, furunculosis

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6
Q

Define: Perifolliculitis

A

Inflammation around hair follicles

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7
Q

Define: Folliculitis

A

Inflammation within hair follicles
Mural = within the follicular wall
Luminal = within follicular lumen

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8
Q

Define: Furunculosis

A

Rupture of hair follicle resulting in release of contents into dermis and secondary foreign body reaction to keratin

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9
Q

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

Dogs

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10
Q

Staphylococcus aureus + intermedius

A

Horses

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11
Q

Staphylococcus hyicus

A

Greasy Pig Disease - Pigs
Superficial pyoderma, exudative epidermitis
Piglets ~ 5 - 35 days of age
Predisposing causes = poor nutrition, cutaneous lactation, concurrent infections

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12
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Rain Rot - Sheep, Horses, Cattle
Superficial pyoderma
Hot and humid regions with prolonged rain
Trauma and prolonged wetting of skin are predisposing factors
Common locations = dorsum of back and distal extremities

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13
Q

What does bacterial pyogranulomatous dermatitis look like clinically?

A

Slowly progressive nodular lesion +/- draining tract

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14
Q

What categories of infectious agents cause bacterial pyogranulomaotus dermatitis?

A

Mycobacterium (feline leprosy)
Botryomycosis (staph, strep, pseudomonas)
Filamentous bacteria (nocardia, actinomyces)

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15
Q

What are the (4) mechanisms of skin lesions causing systemic reactions?

A

Bacteremia –> bacterial embolization to skin
Bacterial toxins
Direct infection of endothelial cells
Type III hypersensitivity reaction

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16
Q

What causes lesions with systemic bacterial infections?

A

Vascular damage
Vasculitis: inflammation targeting walls of vessels (venules or arterioles)
Thrombosis

17
Q

What are the main differentials for vasculitis in pigs?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Salmonella septicemia
Porcine circovirus - 2

18
Q

What clinical signs are associated with vasculitis?

A

Erythematous plaques or macules, dermal edema, hemorrhage bullae, necrosis, well-demarcated ulcers
Chronic = regions of alopecia due to atrophy or prior necrosis of hair follicles

19
Q

What are common locations of vasculitis?

A

Paws, pinnae, lips, tail

20
Q

What are the gross lesions of dermatophytosis?

A

Patches of alopecia with scaling
Papules due to folliculitis/perifolliculitis/furunculosis

21
Q

What are the histopathological lesions of dermatophysis

A

Furunculosis - free hair shaft in center of granulomatous inflammation

22
Q

What are the gross lesions of demodex?

A

Alopecia, erythema, scaling
Folliculitis
Perifolliculitis
Furunculosis

23
Q

What are the gross lesions of scabies?

A

Burrows into stratum corneum causing intense pruritus due to hypersensitivity reaction
Erythemous macules and papules

23
Q

What are the histologic lesions of demodex?

A

Deep skin scrape

23
Q

What are the histologic lesions of scabies?

A

Superficial skin scrape
Mite within stratum corneum
Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis

24
Q

How is scabies vs demodex diagnosed?

A

Scabies = superficial skin scrape
Demodex = deep skin scrape

25
Q

Lesion: Poxvirus

A

Macule –> papule –> vesicle –> umbilicated lesion with raised peripheral rim –> crust

26
Q

Lesion: Orf

A

Contagious pustular dermatitis
Proliferative and necrotizing

27
Q

Lesion: Malassezia pachydermatis

A

Erythema, thickening, hyperpigmentation

28
Q

Lesion: Fungi

A

Granulomatous inflammation

29
Q

What microorganisms cause granulomatous/pyogranulomatous dermatitis/panniculitis?

A

Pyogranulomatous/granulomatous dermatitis = mycobacterium, nocardia, actinomyces
Granulomatous/pyogranulomatous fungi = bastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis

30
Q

What types of infectious organisms cause folliculitis?

A

Fungus (Dermatophytes)
Mites (Demodex)
Bacteria

Biology of Disease II (29 decks)

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