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Parasitology > Exam 2 (major, don't forget concepts) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (major, don't forget concepts) Flashcards

1
Q

What coccidia can be facultatively heteroxenous through PH?

A

Cystoisospora

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2
Q

Coccidian infections are said to be “________”

A

Self limiting

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3
Q

What is an important characteristic in coccidial infection for the result of reducing severity of infection?

A

Immunity developed with initial infection reduces severity of later infection

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4
Q

T/F

Animals immune to coccidial infection may continue to shed oocysts without disease manifestation

A

True

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5
Q

Infective stage of coccidia life cycle from DH

A

Sporozoites - monoxenous

Bradyzoites - heteroxenous

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6
Q

Schizonts contain _____

A

merozoites

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7
Q

What sporozoa have a 2x4 oocyst?

A

Cystoisospora

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8
Q

What sporozoa have a 4x2 oocyst?

A

Eimeria

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9
Q

What are some differences b/w Eimeria and cystoisospora oocysts?

A

Eimeria

  • micropyle and micropylar cap
  • 4x2 oocyst

Cystoisospora

  • no micropyle or micropylar cap
  • 2x4 oocyst
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10
Q

What makes E. bovis so pathogenic?

A

gametocytes in colon
can produce 35 million merozoites from one original oocyst
microgametocytes rupture cell and fertilize macrogametocytes –> gamete forms oocyst and ruptures cells –> lots of damage

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11
Q

T/F

oocysts are least resistant when sporulated

A

False

more resistant

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12
Q

How many asexual cycles does E. bovis have? where?

A

2 cycles

small and large intestine

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13
Q

What is unique about E. bovis lifecycle?

A

Megaschizonts macroscopically visible

found in central lacteal of sm. intestinal villi

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14
Q

how many sporozoites are in an Eimeria oocyst?

A

8 sporozoites due to 4x2 structure

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15
Q

What age group suffers the most from E. bovis?

A

3-6 month old

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16
Q

Characteristic clinical sign of E. bovis?

A

straining and hemorrhagic diarrhea

17
Q

What are the two cattle Eimeria species? Name one major difference in their pathogenesis

A

E. bovis
E. zuernii

smaller schizont and winter versus nervous coccidiosis with E. zuernii

18
Q

What parasite causes hepatic coccidiosis? what species?

A

Eimeria stiedae
Rabbits
infects bile duct epithelium

19
Q

What age group does cystoisospora effect?

A

puppies and kittens

20
Q

What do animals with cystoisospora infection present as?

A

cattharal to slight hemorrhagic enteritis

watery diarrhea

21
Q

What do pigs present with that are infected with cystoisospora suis? Will you look for oocysts?

A

scours

yes but they may not be present before clinical signs…. commonly diagnosed during necropsy

22
Q

What is unique about looking at Cystoisospora suis merozoites?

A

type I merozoite = hoofprint shape

type II merozoite = cyst filled

23
Q

What protozoa will you find 4 naked sporozoites in feces?

A

Cryptosporidium

24
Q

What protozoa can cause autoinfection due to a thin walled oocyst that remains in tissues?

A

Cryptosporidium

20% of oocysts formed

25
Q

What happens if a human is infected with Cryptosporidium?

A 
Fever
abdominal cramping
diarrhea followed by constipation
anorexia
lasts about 2 weeks in immunocompetant (self limiting)
26
Q

If you were to look at intestinal histopath for cryptosporidium, what would you see?

A

villous atrophy

27
Q

How can we diagnose cryptosporidium?

A

Fecal flotation - 4 naked sporozoites in oocyst

Fecal Acid fast stain (gold standard)

28
Q

What two drugs would you pick to treat Cryptosporidium?

A

Paramomycin

Nitazoxanide

29
Q

What is the only approved drug for coccidiosis treatment in dogs and cats

A

sulfadimethoxine (Albon)

30
Q

Name 3 coccidiostats

A

Amprolium (cattle, small ruminant, swine, dogs, cats)
Quinolones (Eimeria: cattle, goats)
Ionophores (Eimeria: cattle and sheep)

31
Q

EPM treatment

A

Ponazuril

32
Q

What protozoa resides in feces in the sporocyst after sporulation? Not an oocyst

A

Sarcocystis

33
Q

What is the most pathologic stage in coccidiosis?

A

shizogony with some having it with gametogony (Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii)

34
Q

T/F

Neospora caninum is zoonotic. People can get this from cattle if they don’t wash their hands

A

False

Not zoonotic!

35
Q

What protozoa will cause a dog to present with dermatitis, pneumonia, and myocarditis?

A

Neospora caninum

36
Q

What protozoa has the sporocyst as a diagnostic form?

A

Sarcocystis

37
Q

What is one of the big concerns for causing abortion in cattle?

A

Neospora caninum

38
Q

What protozoa is not pathogenic in their DH?

A

Sarcocystis

39
Q

What is one unique clinical feature of hepatozoon americana?

A

Periosteal new bone growth

Parasitology (2 decks)

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