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PHI 120 > Exam 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Tautology

A

column under the main operator: all true

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2
Q

Self-Contradictory

A

column under the main operator: all false

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3
Q

Contingent

A

column under the main operator: at least one true, at least one false

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4
Q

Logically Equivalent

A

columns under main operator: same truth value on each line

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5
Q

Contradictory

A

columns under main operator: opposite truth value on each line

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6
Q

Consistent

A

columns under main operator: there is at least one line on which the truth values are both true

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7
Q

Inconsistent

A

there is no line which the truth values are both true

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8
Q

Disjunctive Syllogism

A

p v q
~p
q

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9
Q

Pure Hypothetical Syllogism

A

p 3 q
q 3 r
p 3 r

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10
Q

Modus Ponens

A

p 3 q
p
q

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11
Q

Modus Tollens

A

p 3 q
~q
~p

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12
Q

Affirming the Consequent

A

p 3 q
q
p

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13
Q

Denying the Antecedent

A

p 3 q
~p
~q

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14
Q

Constructive Delimma

A

(p 3 q) * (r 3 s)
p v r
q v s

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15
Q

Destructive Delimma

A

(p 3 q) * (r 3 s)
~q v ~s
~p v ~r

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16
Q
  1. Relevance of Similarities
  2. Number of Similarities
  3. Nature and Degree of Disanalogy
  4. Number of Primary Analogues
  5. Diversity of Primary Analogues
  6. Specificity of the Conclusion
A

6 criteria for evaluating analogues

17
Q

P(A)= f/n

A

formula for probability

18
Q 
odds(A)= f:u
(u= n-f)
A

formula for odds

19
Q

A Priori (Classical Theory of Probability)

A

knowledge about things not following from sensory experience

20
Q

A Posteriori

A

knowledge about things following from sensory experience

21
Q

Subjective

A

knowledge that comes from one individual’s perspective

22
Q

Objective

A

knowledge that is independent of any individual’s perspective

23
Q

Restricted Conjunction Rule

A

computes the probability of two event occurring together when the events are independent of each other

24
Q

General Conjunction Rule

A

computes the probability of two events occurring together whether or not the events are independent

25
Q

Restricted Disjunction Rule

A

computes the probability of either of the two events occurring when the events cannot both occur (mutually exclusive)

26
Q

General Disjunction Rule

A

computes the probability of either of the two events whether or not they are mutually exclusive

27
Q

Negation Rule

A

computes the probability of an event when the probability of the event not happening is either unknown or easily computed

28
Q

Utilitarianism

A

actions are done in order to increase happiness of reduce sadness

29
Q

Deontology

A

theory concerned with duties and rights

30
Q

Naturalistic Fallacy

A

something is natural, therefore it is good or something is unnatural, therefore it is bad

31
Q

Egoism

A

sense of self-importance

PHI 120 (4 decks)

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