EXAM 2 TAKE 2

Question 1

Spore:

Answer 1

Encapsulates important structures in a tough outer coat during unfavorable environmental conditions
–Most bacteria form endospores like Bacillus and Clostridium

Question 2

Cocci vs Bacilli shape

Answer 2

Coccus: sphere
Bacillus: rod

Question 3

Examples of spore forming bacteria:

Answer 3

Bacillus and Clostridium species

Question 4

Examples of Non-spore-forming-bacteria:

Answer 4

Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria

Question 5

Size order smallest to largest:
Bacteria, Mold, Yeast, Mushrooms

Answer 5

-Bacteria
-Yeast
-Mold
–Mushrooms??

Question 6

What are the two types of bacterial classification systems?

Answer 6

1. Egocentric scheme
   –Pathogenic, spoilage, beneficial microorganisms
2. Biology-based scheme
   –Bacteria, Fungi (molds & yeasts), Protozoa, Viruses

Question 7

Define the categories within the egocentric scheme:

-Pathogenic
-Spoilage
-Beneficial

Answer 7

-Pathogenic: Cause Illness

-Spoilage: Alter sensory characteristics (Incr.’s food spoilage)

-Beneficial: Bioprocessing and bio-reservation via fermentation, or probiotics

Question 8

What are the big 6 of foodborne illness?

Answer 8

1. Shigella spp
2. Salmonella Type
3. Nontyphoidal Salmonella
4. STEC E. Coli
5. Norovirus
6. Hepatitis A Virus

Question 9

Describe how each of the following microorganisms grow, multiply, reproduce:
Molds:
Yeasts:
Viruses:
Protozoa:
Bacteria:

Answer 9

Molds: Asexual and Sexual spores
Yeasts: budding or binary fission, sexually
Viruses: Cannot reproduce by themselves
Protozoa: Most produce asexually
Bacteria: binary fission (asexually)

Question 10

Rate of division between bacteria, molds and yeasts

Answer 10

Bacteria multiply FASTEST
then Yeasts
then Molds

Question 11

Example of Psychrophile bacteria

Answer 11

Pseudomonas

Question 12

Example of Psychotroph bacteria

Answer 12

Listeria Monocytogenes

Question 13

Example of Mesophile bacteria

Answer 13

Escherichia Coli

Question 14

Example of Thermophile bacteria

Answer 14

Streptococcus thermophilus

Question 15

Example of Hyperthermophile bacteria

Answer 15

Thermotoga maratima

Question 16

Example of Halophiles

Answer 16

Vibrio, Bacillus + Micrococcus, Halococus

Question 17

Examples of Osmophiles

Answer 17

Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus

Question 18

Example of Obligate aerobe

Answer 18

Pseudomonas

Question 19

Example of Microaerophiles

Answer 19

campylobacter

Question 20

Example of Aerotolerant Anaerobe

Answer 20

Lactic Acid bacteria

Question 21

Example of Facultative Anaerobe

Answer 21

Escherichia Coli

Question 22

Example of Obligate Anaerobe

Answer 22

Clostridium

Question 23

Example of Neutrophile:

Answer 23

Escherichia Coli

Question 24

Example of Acidophiles

Answer 24

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Question 25

Example of Alkaliphiles

Answer 25

Vibrio