Exam #2- TSEM

Question 1

Ellington and “Breaking the Rules”

Answer 1

art vs entertainment
race relations
technology

Question 2

Ivie Anderson

Answer 2

Vocals

Question 3

Cab Calloway

Answer 3

Popular bandleader
Voice
Known for charisma and flamboyant dancing and bandleading

Question 4

Benny Goodman

Answer 4

“King of Swing”
Clarinet and Bandleader

Question 5

Glenn Miller

Answer 5

Trombone and Bandleader
Popular: had many #1 hits
Glen Miller Army Force Band

Question 6

William “Count” Basie

Answer 6

Piano and Bandleader
Kansas City
“Basie Sound”

Question 7

Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers

Answer 7

Dancing Couple

Question 8

Billy Strayhorn

Answer 8

Composer, Lyricist, and Rehearsal Pianist
Ellington’s co-composer and artistic collaborator

Question 9

Ben Webster

Answer 9

Tenor Saxophone
Originally in Cab Calloway Orchestra
First significant tenor soloist in Ellington’s band

Question 10

Ray Nance

Answer 10

Trumpet, Violin, and Vocals
Replaced Cootie Williams
“growling” style (from tricky sam nanton)
showmanship

Question 11

Johnny Hodges

Answer 11

Alto saxophone
passionate, romantic ballad playing

Question 12

Creating Outlines

Answer 12

An outline is a map of your essay. It shows what information each section or paragraph will contain and in what order.
Outlines should include an introduction, background, thesis, and three body paragraphs with two or more supporting pieces of evidence on each topic. and a conclusion

Question 13

Analyzing Media Sources

Answer 13

Mass media = form of communication that reaches a broad audience
Type of media or format (e.g., television, film, radio)
Production Information (who, what, where, when)
Credibility
Intended Audience
Media Intersections (film and music)
Unique Techniques

Question 14

Jimmy Blanton

Answer 14

Bass
revolutionized jazz bass as a solo/melody instrument

Question 15

The Swing Era

Answer 15

(1935-1945)
Stock Market Crash of 1929
The Great Depression (1929-1939)
Many record companies went
bankrupt during the early
Depression
* By late 1930s: three “majors”
established: * Columbia, Victor, and Decca
* Other forms of media: * Radio, film, jukebox * What musical style was
promoted by all these media? * SWING!
Swing’s Audiences
* Teenagers
Key Music Features
* driving, upbeat rhythm (strong backbeat)
* “big band” instrumentation
* 13-16 players
* note addition of guitar (replaced banjo)
and plucked bass (replaced tuba)
* tight arrangements
* solis for instrument sections
* “call and response” between section and
soloist/orchestra
* riffs
* charismatic leader/conductor
Chick Webb

Question 16

Types of films in the 1930s

Answer 16

Cartoons, Dance Musicals, Soundies, and Shorts

Question 17

Race Relations in the 1930s and 1940s

Answer 17

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) still upheld
* “separate, but equal” (legalized
segregation)
* not overturned until 1954

“Double V” Campaign
* Led by Pittsburgh Courier
newspaper (black newspaper)
* Two objectives: (1) victory in the
war abroad; (2) victory against
discrimination on the home front

• Blackface/stereotypes in
  entertainment industry
• Theater, film, radio

Question 18

WWII Years (1941-1945)

Answer 18

1941: The US enters the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor
Ellington’s Band Involvement
- Draft
* Benefit concerts
* V-discs
* Radio programs

Question 19

Ellington’s Reception

Answer 19

Duke Ellington’s reception was overwhelmingly positive in general

Question 20

Touring in the 1930s

Answer 20

“Jim Crow” era
* legalized segregation
* hotels
* performance venues
* restaurants
* experienced racism and violence, as well as adulation
* “If you’d been a white man, Duke, you’d have been a great
musician.

Question 21

The Blanton Webster Era

Answer 21

• Ellington’s “golden age”
• New “sound”
• Collaborations with Strayhorn
• Increased rhythmic drive and instrumental virtuosity
  by Blanton and Webster
• New saxophone section sound (with 5 parts, after
  adding Webster)
• High level of richness, fidelity on Victor recordings
  (thanks to recording engineers)
• matured, experienced orchestra that (generally) worked
  well together