Exam 2 Vocab

Question 1

Ones reason, I.e. the ability to be intelligent, discriminating, and sensitive and all of one’s deliberation

Answer 1

Essential autonomy

Question 2

The difficulty of providing an adequate explanation for our intuition that we have an obligation to future generations

Answer 2

Prosterity problem

Question 3

Ethical principles are the commands of God

Answer 3

Divine command theory

Question 4

Morality, which may be internal to God’s nature, is a law that even God must follow

Answer 4

Objective moral law (IT)

Question 5

Morality which may be known independent of God’s will

Answer 5

Independence thesis

Question 6

Morality separate from religion

Answer 6

Secular ethic

Question 7

The scales are perfectly-balanced so that everyone will eventually get what he or she deserves, according to their moral merit

Answer 7

cosmic justice

Question 8

How one ought to behave in a given situation

Answer 8

Moral obligation

Question 9

The position that people always do the act that they perceive to be in their own best interest

Answer 9

Psychological egoism

Question 10

The position that everyone ought to do those acts that will best serve as one’s own best interest

Answer 10

Ethical egoism

Question 11

The promotion of one’s own good, though not necessarily at any cost

Answer 11

Self-interest

Question 12

The sacrifice of the good of others for one’s own good, even when it is unjust to do so

Answer 12

Selfishness

Question 13

Selfless acts, ones that put other peoples interests ahead of one’s own best interest

Answer 13

Altruism

Question 14

The duty to cooperate and return good deeds, but no duty to serve those who manipulate, nor to sacrifice oneself for those outside family/friends

Answer 14

Reciprocal altruism

Question 15

The field of study theorizing that social structures and behavioral patterns, including morality, have a basis explain by evolutionary theory

Answer 15

Sociobiology

Question 16

And ethical view in which people collectively agreed to behave morally as a way to reduce social chaos and create peace

Answer 16

Social contract theory

Question 17

A state of social and security and which there are no common ways of life, no enforce laws or moral rules, no justice or injustice, no reliable expectations about people’s behavior

Answer 17

State of nature

Question 18

A set of rules that enable people to reach collective goals

Answer 18

Morality (SCT)

Question 19

The price that each person pays to keep the minimal good that we have and civilized society

Answer 19

Morality (C or CH)

Question 20

One who takes into account his overall impact on the social system and cheats whenever a careful cost-benefit analysis warrants it

Answer 20

Clever amoralist

Question 21

A field of study in which games provide easy models for understanding more complex situations of social interaction in the real world

Answer 21

Game theory

Question 22

Game theory scenario in which to spies agreed to keep silent, and being arrested, each decides whether to adhere or to violate their agreement

Answer 22

“Prisoners dilemma”

Question 23

A game theory scenario in which two players choose to either cooperate or cheat, and are rewarded or punished for how they either agree or disagree

Answer 23

“Cooperate or cheat”

Question 24

The moral law that ends in a recompense of happiness in accordance with virtue

Answer 24

Complete good (Kant)