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Anatomy > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: the hematocrit is a measure of how much hemoglobin is housed within rbcs

A

false

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2
Q

true or false: Rh-related problems occur in pregnant Rh- women carrying can Rh+ baby

A

true

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3
Q

true or false: erythrocytes make up the majority of the formed elements

A

true

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4
Q

true or false: normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45

A

true

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5
Q

Normal blood pH falls in a range between_____ and________

A

7.35 and 7.45

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6
Q

an important plasma proteins that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is_______

A

albumin

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7
Q

the percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the______

A

hematocrit

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8
Q

the transportation of oxygen in the blood is known as the____

A

erythrocytes

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9
Q

which of the following characterizes leukopenia

A

abnormally low number of leukocytes

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10
Q

life at a high altitude, where less oxygen is available, can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as______

A

polycythemia

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11
Q

which group of white blood cells includes the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

granulocytes

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12
Q

the capability of white blood cells to locate areas of damaged tissues and infection by responding to certain chemicals is______

A

positive chemotaxis

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13
Q

white blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as_______

A

granulocytes

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14
Q

the process by which bleeding is stopped is called

A

hemostasis

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15
Q

what hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production

A

erythropoietin

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16
Q

long hair like molecules form the basis of a clot during coagulation

A

fibrin

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17
Q

hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors

A

hemophilia

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18
Q

substances that the body recognizes as foreign

A

antigens

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19
Q

when antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or_______ occurs

A

aggulation

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20
Q

universal donor blood type

A

type O

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21
Q

which blood type lacks antigens for the ABO blood group yet carries anti-A and andti-B

A

O

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22
Q

A person with type B blood can receive from types

A

B,O

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23
Q

if you carry the Rh antigen you are referred to as Rh

A

positive

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24
Q

the condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the babys RBCs is called

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

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25
Q

not contained in the plasma of the blood

A

hemoglobin

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26
Q

in a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains

A

leukocytes and platelets

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27
Q

component of a red blood cells brings and transports oxygen

A

hemoglobin

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28
Q

which formed elements is the most abundant in blood

A

erythrocytes

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29
Q

lack a nucleus and most organelles

A

erythrocytes

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30
Q

red blood cells disorder that may provide a better chance of surviving where malaria is present

A

sickle cell anemia

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31
Q

white blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain

A

a nucleus and most organelles

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32
Q

the two major groups of white blood cells are

A

granulocytes and Agranulocytes

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33
Q

most numerous of the white blood cells

A

neutrophils

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34
Q

a stubborn infection continues to persist for nyisha. a blood test reveals a bacterial infection, which is confirmed by an excessive number of

A

neutrophils

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35
Q

Shakira is taking an antihistamine medication due to several itchy mosquito bites. This medication blocks the release of histamine from

A

basophils

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36
Q

type of neujocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enzymes

A

eosinophil

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37
Q

multinucleate cell gives rise to thousands of anucleate fragments known as platelets

A

megakaryocytes

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38
Q

where hematopoiesis occurs to produce new red blood cells

A

red bone marrow

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39
Q

not a descendent of the myeloid stem cell line

A

lymphocyte

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40
Q
A
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41
Q

the final step of hemostasis in which the formation of blood clot is accomplished

A

coagulation

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42
Q

placing pressure on a cut will constrict blood vessels manually and encourages______(first step of hemostasis)

A

vascular spasms

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43
Q

proper sequence of hemostasis

A

vascular, spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

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44
Q

why do you think Mrs. Gonzales was prescribes heparin, an anticoagulant

A

to inhibit the formation of clots

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45
Q

what does fibrin contribute to the process of coagulation

A

fibrin forms a meshwork that traps RBCs and forms the basis of the clot

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46
Q

a blood clot traveled to a small vessel in Mr. zengs lungs and became lodged there. How should this moving clot be named

A

an embolus

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47
Q

a blood clotting disorder

A

hemophilia

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48
Q

organ is largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factor

A

liver

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49
Q

severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding

A

30%

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50
Q

process whereby the binding of antibodies cause RBCs to dump

A

aggulation

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51
Q

blood type contains the A antigen only

A

blood type A

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52
Q

while cross matching an unknown blood type, agglutination was observed with neither the anti-A nor the Anti-B sera. you evaluate these results to indicate that the unknown blood contains

A

no antigens

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53
Q

blood type that a person with O type can recieve

A

Blood type O

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54
Q

Blood is returned to the_____ side of the heart from the lungs

A

left

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55
Q

pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart

A

sinoatrial node

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56
Q

average length of the cardiac cycle

A

.8 seconds

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57
Q

amount of blood released per contraction of the heart

A

stroke volume

58
Q

the largest artery in the body with different parts known as the ascending aorta, Aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta

A

aorta

59
Q

renal veins carry___ to kidneys

A

oxygen poor blood

60
Q

radial and ulnar veins ultimately drain into the

A

superior vena cava

61
Q

inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions_____ the diaphragm

A

below

62
Q

partition where the bundle branches are located

A

interventircular septum

63
Q

the pointed, inferior portion of the heart that rests in the diaphragm and is oriented towards the left hip

A

apex

64
Q

the part of the heart wall that is composed of thin endothelium and lines the heart chambers

A

endocardium

65
Q

the two superior receiving chambers of the heart are the_____, while the two inferior discharging chambers are the_____

A

Atria; ventricles

66
Q

valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

67
Q

blood leaves the left ventricle through the

A

aorta

68
Q

transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary circulation

69
Q

provides functional blood supply to oxygenate and nourishes the myocardium of the heart

A

right and left coronary arteries

70
Q

walls of the ___ are subsequently thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart

A

left ventricle

71
Q

valve that is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood form back flowing from the aorta into the heart

A

Aortic semilunar valve

72
Q

enforce a contraction rate of 75 beats per minute as the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart

A

sinatrial node

73
Q

the first heart sound, “lub” is caused by the closure of the

A

Atrioventricular valves

74
Q

means heart condition

A

systole

75
Q

describes atrial diastole

A

ventricles passively filling with blood

76
Q

phase of the cardiac cycle that immediately follows the isovolumetric relaxation phase

A

atrial diastole

77
Q

in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) which of the following would you expect to see forma weekened heart

A

decreased cardiac output and stroke volume

78
Q

out vessels lose elasticity as we age. which vessel layer is affected by this

A

tunica media

79
Q

large veins have__to prevent the backflow of blood

A

valves

80
Q

the flow of blood through a capillary bed

A

microcirculation

81
Q

the single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver

A

hepatic vein

82
Q

the vessel that carries oxygen rich and nutrient rich blood to the fetus

A

umbilical vein

83
Q

due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries

A

osmotic pressure

84
Q

the alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle created a pressure wave known as a

A

pulse

85
Q

promotes vasodilation

A

heat

86
Q

sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is

A

hypertension (high blood pressure)

87
Q

lowers risk of coronary artery disease

A

regular, moderate exercise

88
Q

the heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the

A

mediastinum

89
Q

pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the

A

lungs

90
Q

the layer of the heart walls synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

A

epicardium

91
Q

the path of blood flow within systemic vascular system

A

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

92
Q

when the right ventricle contracts, which specific valve closes to prevent blood from flowing into the right atrium

A

tricuspid valve

93
Q

Atrioventricular valves are closed when

A

atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure

94
Q

sinoatrial node is located in the

A

right atrium

95
Q

normal resting stroke volume

A

70 ml

96
Q

increases heart rate

A

epinephrine

97
Q

often have valves to prevent backflow of blood

A

veins

98
Q

type of vessel that is constructed only from the tunica intima

A

capillaries

99
Q

correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel form superficial to deep

A

tunica external, tunica media, tunica intima

100
Q

the pathway the aorta takes as it exits the heart

A

ascending aorta, aorta arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta

101
Q

can be palpated at a pressure point

A

pulse

102
Q

friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels

A

peripheral resistance

103
Q

what we infer from 110/70 mm Hg

A

systolic pressure measurement over diastolic pressure measurement

104
Q

coronary artery disease results from

A

the accumulation of fatty calcified deposits withing blood vessels

105
Q

pain can overstimulate the vagus nerve. appraise the following, and determine the likely outcome for an overstimulated vagus nerve

A

heart rate slows

106
Q

trace the path of a drop of blood, starting at the right atrium and returning to the right atrium, through the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system

A

right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid (mitral) valve, left ventricle, semilunar valve, aorta, the rest of the body, superior or inferior vena cava, back to the right atrium

107
Q

the scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs

A

endocrinology

108
Q

hormones only affect certain tissue cells or organs known as

A

target cells or target organs

109
Q

the primary method of maintaining blood levels of nearly all hormones is through

A

negative feedback mechanisms

110
Q

the posterior pituitary____oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

A

stores

111
Q

released in significant amounts only during childbirth and nursing

A

oxytocin

112
Q

promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body

A

growth hormone

113
Q

release estrogen and progesterone in response to gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary gland

A

ovaries

114
Q

acts as an antagonist to insulin

A

glucagon

115
Q

water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and petite hormones, activate target cells using

A

the second messenger system

116
Q

hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. how would you classify this type of endocrine glands stimulation?

A

hormonal

117
Q

what gland is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH) also known as thyroid stimulating hormone

A

thyroid gland

118
Q

this hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result increases blood volume

A

antidiuretic hormone

119
Q

which hormones are made by the hypothalamus yet stored by the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

120
Q

which adrenal cortex hormone helps regulate water and electrolyte balance in body fluids

A

aldosterone

121
Q

the hormone that is released by the pituitary gland regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

122
Q

male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

A

androgens

123
Q

in patients with cushings syndrome the presence of a moon face a buffalo hump of fat on the upper back hyperglycemia and high blood pressure are the results of excess production of

A

glucocorticoids

124
Q

beat cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ____while alpha cells decrease levels

A

insulin

125
Q

hormone that plays an important role in establishing the body’s sleep-wake cycle

A

melatonin

126
Q

primary function of thymosin

A

essential for normal development of T lymphocytes

127
Q

produced by male testes, which is necessary for sperm production

A

testosterone

128
Q

the system that produces the chemical messengers known as hormones

A

endocrine system

129
Q

is not typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells

A

cellular mutations occur

130
Q

in the second messenger system what serves as the first messenger

A

the hormone

131
Q

rising levels of parathyroid hormone will inhibits its further release this type of control mechanism is a

A

negative feedback mechanism

132
Q

parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions, this mechnaism operates by a

A

humoral stimulus

133
Q

best describes the function of tropic hormones

A

stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

134
Q

which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland

A

adrenocorticotropic

135
Q

primary effect of prolactin

A

stimulate and maintain milk production after childbirth

136
Q

hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes

A

follicle stimulating hormone

137
Q

the two hormones released by the thyroid gland

A

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

138
Q

which endocrine glands is situated at the base of the throat just inferior to the Adams apple

A

thyroid gland

139
Q

alcohol inhibits the secretion of antidiuretic hormones what impact will this have on the body

A

increased thirst dehydration and urine output

140
Q

this stimulates the release of calcitonin

A

rising levels of blood calcium ions

141
Q

which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

142
Q

where does the body store excess glucose as glycogen in response to the presence of insulin

A

liver

Anatomy (16 decks)

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