Exam #3

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 2

Trait Theory

Answer 2

Emphasizes the significance of human traits in the study of human personality

Question 3

Type Theory

Answer 3

Emphasizes the significance of distinct types of personality

Question 4

Four Humors

Answer 4

Someone’s general mood/attitude is based on the four senses of humor (fluids)

Question 5

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Answer 5

Self actualization and basic needs are met

Question 6

id

Answer 6

Basic impulses (sex and aggression) seeking immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive (unconscious)

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

Executive mediating between id impulses and superego inhibitors (conscious)

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

Ideals and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a person’s conscience. (precociousness)

Question 9

openness

Answer 9

Imaginative, likes variety, independent

Question 10

conscientiousness

Answer 10

Organized, careful, disciplined

Question 11

extraversion

Answer 11

sociable, fun-loving, affectionate

Question 12

Agreeableness

Answer 12

soft-hearted, trusting, helpful

Question 13

neuroticism

Answer 13

anxious, insecure

Question 14

reciprocal determinism

Answer 14

Personal factors influence environmental factors influence behaviors

Question 15

fundamental attribution error

Answer 15

Overvaluing the dispositional attribution and undervaluing the situational attribution (individualistic cultures)

Question 16

dispositional attribution

Answer 16

its because of the way we are

Question 17

situational attribution

Answer 17

Its because of the situation their in

Question 18

cognitive dissonance

Answer 18

It happens when attitudes and actions don’t align

Question 19

Stanly Milgrams Study of Obedience to Authority

Answer 19

How far people will go if an authority figure is telling us to, and cognitive dissonance

Question 20

Asch’s conformity study

Question 21

normative social influence

Answer 21

we are influenced by our need to gain approval and avoid disapproval

Question 22

informative social influence

Answer 22

we are influenced by other people’s perceptions of reality

Question 23

Jane’s Blue-eyed Brown-eyed experiment

Answer 23

the social construction of race and impact on social discrimination

Question 24

social identity theory

Answer 24

a large part of our self-concept is based on our membership in certain social groups and our perceptions of people who aren’t

Question 25

prejudice

Answer 25

and unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

Question 26

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

Answer 26

Intimacy, Commitment, Passion

Question 27

explicit prejudice

Answer 27

prejudice that we know about and recognize

Question 28

implicit prejudice

Answer 28

Prejudice that we are not always consciously aware of but that still impacts our behavior
ex/ picking a job candidate

Question 29

stereotype

Answer 29

generalized beliefs about a group of people

Question 30

discrimination

Answer 30

acting in negative and unjustifiable ways toward members of the group

Question 31

just-world-phenomenon

Answer 31

Wanting to believe that the world is fair and, therefore, people get what they deserve

Question 32

in-group bias

Answer 32

tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with

Question 33

out-group bias

Answer 33

tendency to belittle or dislike members of groups that we don’t identify with

Question 34

bystander effect

Answer 34

diffusion of responsibility

Question 35

social exchange theory

Answer 35

Social behavior is an exchange process, we aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 36

reciprocity norm

Answer 36

the expectation that we should return help to those who have helped us

Question 37

social-responsibility norm

Answer 37

we should help those who need our help even if the costs outweigh the benefits

Question 38

self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 38

Beliefs that confirm themselves by influencing the other country to react in ways that seem to justify those beliefs.

Question 39

superordinate goals

Answer 39

shared goal that can only be achieved through cooperation

Question 40

three-step memory model

Answer 40

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Question 41

sensory memories

Answer 41

just long enough for use to process that information in the moment

Question 42

short-term memory

Answer 42

originally just thought of as a storage space