Exam 3 Flashcards
Define these invasive species terms
What % of vertebrates globally are threatened by invasive species?
How many species have been introduced to the US and what % of continental biota do they now make up?
Where do most invasives in North America come from?
What 3 US states are most vulnerable to invasives, and why?
What invasive species affected American elm trees and when was it introduced? What was its impact?
How much American Chestnut did there used to be (# of trees, % of all hardwood, % of biomass) and what happened to it? When?
What invasive species has affected ash trees?
When was it introduced, where was it introduced, and where did it come from?
How does it affect the trees?
How does it spread?
Describe 4 reasons why islands are more susceptibel to invasive species.
Which US state has the most invasive species? How many?
What are they, mostly? What other type of invasive species thrives there?
What percentage each plants, mammals, and birds are endemic in Australia and New Zealand?
How much of the flora there is comprised of exotics?
What introduced animals cause problems there, and what group of organisms do the affect the most?
What introduced predator has had huge impacts in Guam?
What invasive species was introduced to Lake Victoria, and why was the ecosystem so vulnerable to it?
Why and where are Asian carp a problem?
Why are they so successful?
What does the silver variety do that is unique?
Where and why were they introduced? How much economic damage do they cause?
What kind of efforts are being made to control them?
What is a nutria?
Where, when, and why was it introduced? From where?
What problems does it cause?
What is Sus scrofa?
Where, when, and by who were they first introduced?
Why have they been subsequently introduced in other places?
What problems do they cause?
Why are they hard to control?
What invasive species is causing major problems for native mussels in the US?
Where, when, and how were they introduced?
How much has it cost to try to control them?
Name 5 exotic invasive plant species in Kentucky.
How do they harm/outcompete native plants? What is allelopathy?
One is called “the vine that ate the south”…which one?
When was it introduced, why, and from where?
How does it spread? Why is it a problem?
How, when, where, and from where was the red imported fire ant introduced in the US?
Where else has it invaded globally?
What kinds of problems does it cause?
What unique adaptation does it have for dealing with flooding?
Describe behavioral changes in native bees in England and Florida panthers due to exotic introduced species in their ranges.
Describe the morphological changes that have occurred in some native Australian snakes since the introduction of the cane toad? Why has this occurred?
Describe the genetic impacts caused by the spread of mallards by humans.
What are the 3 types of “filters” that an introduced species must overcome to become established? Describe what they mean. How do species often get around the first filter?
What are 5 factors that increase a species invasiveness?
Explain the “tens rule” with regards to invasive species.
Are there exceptions?
Describe the Reaction Diffusion Model of Invasive Species Spread.
Who created it, and when?
Describe the relationship between disturbance and invasibility.
Name and explain 2 hypothesis that describe the relationship between species richness and invasiblity in a community.
What are the 3 pillars of invasive species control? Describe each one.
Describe the relationship between feasibility and impact with regards to invasive species control prioritization.
study these
What is the Lacey Act and when was it enacted?
When was it amended, as part of what bill, and what does that amendment do with regards to invasive species?
Describe
climate change
anthropogenic climate change
global warming
Explain the greenhouse effect
Name the 4 most important greenhouse gases, their sources, what % of greenhouse gases each comprises, and their relative impact on warming compared to each other.
Describe the pattern of global CO2 emissions over time since the mid 1700s.
Describe the predicted relationship between reducing/halting CO2 emissions and the time required to reach equilibrium of atmospheric CO2, sea level rise due to thermal expansion, sea level rise due to ice melting, and temperature.
How do we know about the atmospheric CO2 levels from hundreds of thousands of years ago?
How do these correlate with temperature?
Describe the pattern of global temperature fluctuations over the past 20,000 years, and why it is concerning.
How have global emissions rates among various nations/continents changed since 1990?
Which parts of the US are expected to warm at the highest/lowest rates?
wft does this mean?
phenological mismatches between species that depend upon each other (predator/prey, herbivore/plant, etc.)
differences in species that use temperature vs. photoperiod to regulate their processes and phenological timing.
Generally speaking, what areas of the globe will experience the greatest levels of greenhouse gas driven warming?
What 3 sources of ice are of concern with regards to ice melting?
How will this affect the oceans and coastal cities?
What is the Albedo Effect and how does it relate to melting sea ice?
What does “climatic envelope” mean, and how does it relate to increases in mean temperature and temperature variability over time?
How does glacial melt relate to global geopolitical stability?
What is one area of heightened concern over this issue?
How has global absolute sea level changed since 1880, and how have we confirmed this?
How has relative sea level changed along the various areas of the US coast lines? Why is it not the same everywhere?
What is a “ghost forest” and where are many of them found?
What are some general trends in various parts of the US with regards to changes in total precipitation and extreme one-day precipitation events?
What 2 general categories of biological changes are happening and will continue to happen due to climate change?
