exam 3

Question 1

what does the circulatory system do

Answer 1

transport parasites, effect parasite microhabitat conditions, influence specific course of infection

Question 2

what increases likelihood of infection from multiple parasites

Answer 2

weak immune system, environmental factors, lifestyle

Question 3

what factors oppose infection from multiple parasites

Answer 3

competition, bad habitat, immune response

Question 4

reeve + sherman adaptation

Answer 4

phenotypic variant that results in the highest fitness among a specified set of variants in a given environment

Question 5

harvey + pagel adaptation

Answer 5

derived character that evolved in response to a specific environment

Question 6

how does the body have its own environments

Answer 6

microecosystems
bacteria in gut, etc interacting with parasites

Question 7

extended phenotype

Answer 7

genes directly specify only the assembly of and organisms proteins but indirectly effect the phenotype of that and other organisms

humans building things affects other species, beavers building dams, etc. these things help our survival, and impact others. not genetic

Question 8

encounter filter

Answer 8

first barrier
host species live in same environment
host species has behavior or distribution that allows them to interact

Question 9

compatibility filter

Answer 9

host species has to be susceptible (not resistant) to parasite
host species has to be suitable for parasite

Question 10

how are parasites distributed among hosts

Answer 10

aggregated
scattered clumps in population

Question 11

what does aggregated distribution mean

Answer 11

certain groups may be more susceptible or interact with similar environments

Question 12

what may be law in parasitology

Answer 12

parasites aggregated in species population

Question 13

what is decision dependent regulation

Answer 13

choice to enter host or leabe it

Question 14

what is host death dependent regulation

Answer 14

if a host dies parasite needs to find new host or perish

Question 15

what is competition dependent regulation

Answer 15

depended on amount of other parasites or species

Question 16

feeding guild

Answer 16

group of species that exploit the same food resource through similar methods
17 species of trematode parasitize same snail in same way

Question 17

intraguild dominance

Answer 17

observation of a pair-wise dominance interactions can sometimes be used to infer an overall dominance hierarchy

Question 18

apparent competition

Answer 18

indirect negative interaction between 2 species mediated through interactions with another species

Question 19

lice lifecycle

Answer 19

egg (nit) glued to hair or clothing
first nymph hatches, molts to 2nd, 3rd nymph
become adults, live about a month
pregnant female produces a few eggs/day

Question 20

what are pubic lice

Answer 20

crabs that infest public hair
sexually transmitted

Question 21

head lice transmission amount

Answer 21

not based on socioeconomic factors (cleanliness, etc)

Question 22

body lice prevalence

Answer 22

tied to hygiene, common in homeless
transmit diseases
evolved when we started wearing clothes

Question 23

lice endosymbionts

Answer 23

synthesis of b vitamins carried out my bacteria in lice abdomens

Question 24

endosymbiont

Answer 24

organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism
mostly mutualistic relationships
evolve directly with species

Question 25

physconelloides vs comunbicola bird lice

Answer 25

physconelloides found on bodies nestled in feathers
columbicola on feathers, drift away and move

Question 26

cospeciation

Answer 26

parasite species forming new species when host species form new species