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Kinesiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Goals of Motor Behavior

A

To understand how motor skills are learned and how they are controlled

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2
Q

Do motor skills change

A

Yes, across the lifespan

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3
Q

Why use Motor Behavior

A

To understand the process of skill development, control, and change over time (basic goals)

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4
Q

Effective vs Ineffective

A

Guides us in providing better situations for learning and practice

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5
Q

Why Develop “expert performers”

A

To teach
reach elite levels of sport and performance
Safety

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6
Q

What do Motor Behaviorists do?

A

Teach
Research
Service
Other research facilities: hospitals, industry, and military

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7
Q

Research with Applications Related to Setting

A

Grant writing

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8
Q

Three Subdisciplines

A

Motor learning
Motor Control
Motor Development

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9
Q

Motor learning

A

Acquisition of skilled movements as a result of practice

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10
Q

Motor Control

A

Neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement
Cares about the why
Includes “automatic” skills/movements
Essential for all movements

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11
Q

Motor Development

A

Developmental view of motor learning and motor control across a lifespan

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12
Q

Motor Behavior

A

All of them together (the umbrella term)

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13
Q

Research Methods for Motor Behavior

A

Measuring movements
Reaction Time
#successful trials/# attempts
Quantification of movement kinematics
Assessing movement task characteristics
Continuous vs Discrete
Open vs closed

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14
Q

Learning is

A

the goal of practice and determined by retention and transfer

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15
Q

Transference

A

Knowledge and skills of sport can be highly specific to that sport

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16
Q

What are some unique skills that are unlikely to transfer?

A

Diving

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17
Q

What skills can transference happen

A

Volleyball serve
Tennis forehand
Table Tennis

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18
Q

Research methods for motor behavior

A

Studying expert performers

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19
Q

What do expert performers do during practice and competition than novices?

A

Skill, decision making, game performance

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20
Q

Motor Behavior Information Processing Model

A

Brain=Computer: Commands in the brain to create movement

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21
Q

Goal of motor behavior

A

Explain response selection and response execution

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22
Q

Principle 1

A

Correct practice improves performance and supports learning

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23
Q

Principle 2

A

Augmented feedback enhances practice (and thereby learning)

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24
Q

Repetition is…

A

key but not sufficient in and of itself

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25
Q

Cognitive demands are…

A

high initially but become more automatic (preprogrammed)

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26
Q

Learning is long term or short term

A

Long term

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27
Q

Performance is long term or short term

A

Short term

28
Q

Before Practice

A

Goal setting, instructions, modeling, and mental practice

29
Q

During Practice

A

Scheduling practice and context of practice

30
Q

Feedback is

A

An integral part of practice
Acquire knowledge of results and performance
Not easily obtained by performer on own- requires expert feedback

31
Q

Principle 3

A

Brain uses the CNS to initiate and control the muscles that make the desired movements

32
Q

Principle 4

A

Movements should rely on the decision making centers in the brain as little as possible once movement is initiated

33
Q

Memory Mechanisms

A

Movements to be controlled which become more automatic over time (Brain and CNS in primary control)

34
Q

Motor programs must…

A

Specify involved muscles
Select order of muscle activation
Determine contraction forces, timing and sequencing of contractions, duration of contractions

35
Q

Motor Programs for every possible movement =

A

System overload

36
Q

Schemata

A

Groups of movement with similar characteristics stored foundation of motor program theory

37
Q

Coordinated Structure

A

More direct and less cognitive link between motor action and information acquired by the perceptual system
Recognizes that automated movements may rely very little decision making or central control in the brain

38
Q

Principle 5

A

Children are not miniature adults

39
Q

Principle 6

A

Children are more alike than they are different

40
Q

Lack of Practice

A

Underdeveloped cognitive skills to plan and select movements

41
Q

Different body sizes and proportions impact

A

balance and locomotion

42
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Loss of muscle due to disease and lack of nutrients

43
Q

If age continuum

A

Change in strength and coordination can happen more rapidly

44
Q

What is Epidemiology?

A

The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in human populations, and the application of this study to prevent and control health problems

45
Q

Non Communicable Diseases (NCD)

A

Don’t transfer person to person through the air like the flu, common cold, COVID

46
Q

Physical Activity Epidemiology Asks

A

How physically active is a population?
Does physical activity vary in a population?
How does PA compare across geographical areas?
What factors impact or relate to PA within that population?
What level of PA intensity, duration, and frequency (dose) is associated with positive or negative health events?
How much morbidity/mortality might be prevented through PA related interventions?

47
Q

Morbidity

A

State of having a specific illness or condition (often chronic; NCD’s)

48
Q

Mortality

A

Number of deaths that have occurred due to a specific illness or condition

49
Q

What is the most common cause of death in the US?

A

Heart Disease

50
Q

Epidemiology Goal

A

Measure Disease Frequency
Assess Distribution of Disease
Identify Determinants of Disease

51
Q

Dose Response

A

At what point is treatment effect, when it is leveling off
This helps dosage for individuals

52
Q

Measure Disease Frequency

A

Quantify depth breadth of disease

53
Q

Assess Distribution of Disease

A

Who is afflicted
Where is the disease occurring
When is the disease occurring

54
Q

Identify Determinants of Disease

A

Hypotheses (causal and preventive) are tested using epidemiological studies

55
Q

What jobs require a certification

A

Fitness MGR/Director
Personal Trainer
Group fitness instructor
Strength and conditioning coach

56
Q

Best Regarded Health and Fitness Organizations

A

American Council on Exercise (ACE)
National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA)
National Council on Strength and Fitness (NCSF)
American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

57
Q

ACSM Certifications

A

Registered Clinical Exercise Physiologist
Certified Clinical Exercise Physiologist
Group Exercise Instructor
Specialities:
ACMS/ACS Certified Cancer Exercise Trainer

58
Q

ACE Certification

A

Personal Trainer
Group Fitness instructor
Health coach
Medical Exercise Specialist

59
Q

NCSF Certification

A

Can get any certifications without college degrees
All BOC approved CEC at AT’s
Personal Trainer
Strength Coach
Sport Nutrition

60
Q

NSCA Certifications

A

BEST reputation when it comes to strength and conditioning
Personal Trainer
Performance and SPort Scientist
Strength and Conditioning Specialist
Special Population Specialist
Tactical Strength and Conditioning Facilitator: Firefighter and police

61
Q

What percent of people are unqualified for Military Service now?

A

70%

62
Q

Recognize Certifications

A

Generally required at least B.S. Degree in Kinesiology
Require applicants pass a standardized test ($300-$500)
WILL NOT QUALIFY YOU TO PRESCRIBE FOOD

63
Q

Making an informed decision

A

Read certification criteria, plan ahead
Browse desirable jobs and document what organizations and certifications routinely listed
Find individuals on LinkedIn with a B.S. or M.S. in KNS and see what certifications they maintained

64
Q

What do coaches do

A

Coach online or in person, typically sport specific training
Can work with any demographic

65
Q

Potential Setting for Coaching

A

Home, on the road, gym, athletic facility

Kinesiology (3 decks)

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