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Anatomy Final > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The kidney functions in

A

D. Excretion of nitrogenous wastes`

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2
Q

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

A

A. Nephrons

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3
Q

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

A

A. Urine Storage

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4
Q

Urine is carried from the kidneys

A

B. Ureter

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5
Q

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

A

A. Glomerulus

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6
Q

Filtration slits is the name given to the

A

C. Gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

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7
Q

The inner layer of Bowman’s capsule consists of specialized cells called

A

B. Podocytes

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8
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

A

A. juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa

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9
Q

Which of the following is between the proximal and distal tubules?

A

B. The loop of Henle

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10
Q

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them.

  1. loop of Henle
  2. Bowman’s capsule
  3. distal convoluted tubule
  4. proximal convoluted tubule
A

D. 2, 4, 1, 3

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11
Q

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

A

C. distal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus:

  1. interlobar artery
  2. interlobular/cortical radiate artery
  3. arcuate artery
  4. afferent arteriole
A

C. 1, 3, 2, 4

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13
Q

Formation of a filtrate depends on a

A

A. Pressure gradient

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14
Q 
Urine formation involves 
A. filtration of the plasma
B. reabsorption from the filtrate
C. secretion of the filtrate
D. production of red blood cells
E. A, B, C
A

E. A, B, C`

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15
Q

Which of the following events would increase filtration pressure?

A

B. constriction of the efferent arteriole

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16
Q

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of …. than the glomerular filtrate

A

C. Protein

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17
Q

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman’s capsule?

A

D, glomerular capillary pressure

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18
Q

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

A

A. Increasing net filtration pressure

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19
Q

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure:
glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg
blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg
capsular colloid pressure = 10 mmHg

A

C. 50 mmHg

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20
Q

Arrange the following in correct order

  1. cotransport molecule binds to sodium and glucose
  2. establish sodium concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen
  3. sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell
  4. active transport of sodium from tubular cells to interstitial area
A

b. 4, 2, 1, 3

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21
Q

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the

A

A. PCT

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22
Q

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

A

D. Osmosis

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23
Q

As ADH production declines

A

D. the urine volume increases

24
Q

Tubular reabsoprtion and tubular secretion differ in that

A

B. tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate

25
Q

The countercurrent multiplier system
A. is found in the collecting duct
B. is assisted by hormones
C. has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions
D. maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid
E. C and D

A

E. C and D

26
Q

Which structure removes excess water and solutes from the kidney’s medullary interstitial fluid?

A

D. vasa racta

27
Q

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?
A. high sodium concentration in medulla
B. active transport of solutes from ascending limb.
C. the vasa racta
D. functions of the loop of Henle
E. all of the above

A

E.all of the above

28
Q

A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH secretion?

A

B. decreased secretion

29
Q

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

A

D. juxtaglomerular apparatus

30
Q

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

A

D. increasing the synthesis of the transport molecules for sodium

31
Q

Atrial natriuretic hormone

A

D. is secreted when atrial blood pressure increases

32
Q

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. the result of giving this drug would be

A

A. increasing urine output

33
Q

Consumption of alcohol increases urine production by

A

C. Inhibiting the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary

34
Q

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded

A

E. the excess remains in the flitrate

35
Q

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of

A

D. peristaltic contractions

36
Q

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

A

A. potassium mainly intracellular; sodium mainly in extracellular

37
Q

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

A

D. Increase the osmolality of body fluids

38
Q

You’ve been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. You would expect.

A

ADH levels to increase

39
Q

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

A

Elevated potassium levels

40
Q

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

A

thirst

41
Q

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

A

B. Hyperpolarization of cell membranes

42
Q

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

A

Hypernatremia

43
Q

Most of the calcium in the body is in the

A

Bone

44
Q

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

A

increased rate of bone resorption (breakdown)

45
Q

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) —- in H+ ions and a(n) —— in blood pH

A

increase, decrease

46
Q

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

A

buffers

47
Q

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result?

A

acidosis

48
Q

Mr. I.M.A. Wreck’s plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

A

An increase in respiration rate

49
Q

In renal compensation of acidosis

A

H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases

50
Q

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema, indicate

A

respiratory acidosis

51
Q

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

A

metabolic alkalosis

52
Q

Is the GFR when the efferent is constricted > or < GFR when the efferent arterioles is dilated

A

greater than

53
Q

Is K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are decreased > or < K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are increased

A

less than

54
Q

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

A

an increased release of ADH

55
Q

The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause

A

Water to move out of the cells

56
Q

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K+ levels will cause

A

decreased neuromuscular excitability

Anatomy Final (2 decks)

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