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Anatomy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Rule of 2’s

A

Midclavicular line
Midaxillary line
Midscapular line
Rib: 6,8,10

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2
Q

Muscles of Respiration

A

Internal- expiration

External- inspiration

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3
Q

Control of respiration

A

Nervous system: Pons and medulla

Peripheral chemoreceptors: carotid and aortic bodies determine blood pH

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4
Q

Control mechanisms of endocrine glands

A

Negative feedback and neural (hypothalamus)

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5
Q

Endocrine glands

A
  • ductless
  • highly vascularized
  • secrete hormones into blood
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6
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones (adenohypophysis)

A

“All people like to get freaky”

1) ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
2) Prolactin
3) Luteinizing hormone
4) Thyroid stimulating hormone
5) Growth hormone (increase mitosis and protein synthesis)
6) Follicle stimulating hormone

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7
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones (neurohypophysis)

A

1) Oxytocin

2) ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

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8
Q

Thyroid

A

cuboidal cells make hormones

follicles store the hormone

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9
Q

Calcitonin

A

decreases osteoclast activity

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10
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

stimulates osteoclast activity

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11
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Activated by stress

Secretes epinephrine-sympathetic ANS (fight or flight)

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12
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Responds to ACTH

  • secretes aldosterone-regulates Na and K levels
  • secretes cortisol
  • secretes androgens
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13
Q

Pancreas

A

Beta cell
-insulin=glucose uptake
Alpha cell
-glucagon=glucose release

Bicarbonate

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14
Q

Pineal gland

A

suspended from roof of third ventricle

  • secretes melatonin
  • controls sleep wake cycle=responds to visual pathway
  • controls puberty by inhibiting GnRH
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15
Q

Hard palate

A

maxilla and palatine bones

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16
Q

Pulp of tooth

A

has nerves and blood vessels

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17
Q

Salivary glands

A

Innervation

  • Parotid (CN 9)
  • Sublingual (CN 7)
  • Submandibular (CN 7)
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18
Q

Saliva

A
  • water
  • lysozyme
  • amylase
  • mucous
  • salts (maintain pH)
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19
Q

Mucosa of digestive tract

A

Stratified squamous-mouth, esophagus, anus

Simple columnar-stomach, SI, LI

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20
Q

Meissner’s nerve plexus

A
  • submucosal (remember in submucosal bc both Meissner’s and submucosal have an “s”)
  • controls glands and mucous cells
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21
Q

Myenteric nerve plexus

A
  • muscularis

- controls smooth muscle contraction

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22
Q

Muscular layers of esophagus

A
  • superior 1/3=skeletal
  • middle 1/3=mixed
  • inferior 1/3=smooth
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23
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

kidney
pancreas
portion of duodenum
ascending and descending colons

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24
Q

Stomach cells

A 
Goblet cells=mucus
Parietal=HCl, intrinsic factor (vit B12 absorption)
Chief=pepsinogen
Enteroendocrine (G) cells=hormones (gastrin)
25
Q

Small intestine specialized cells

A

Brunner’s glands=duodenum

Peyer’s patches=ileum

26
Q

Duodenal papilla

A

secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile

27
Q

Mesentary

A

anchors small intestine

28
Q

Mesocolon

A

anchors large intestine

29
Q

Taenia coli

A

bands of smooth muscle along LI

30
Q

Liver

A
  • glycogen
  • blood protein synthesis
  • bile
  • vitamins
31
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

used to be umbilical vein

32
Q

Gallbladder

A

concentrates and stores bile

liver->common hepatic duct->gall bladder

33
Q

Kidney

A

clears blood of waste

  • erythropoietin (hormone)=RBC production
  • renin (enzyme)=blood pressure
34
Q

Nephron

A
  • fenestrated epithelium

- basement membrane and filtration slits

35
Q

Detrusor muscle

A

smooth muscle of bladder

36
Q

Serosa

A

connective tissue

37
Q

Submucosa

A

nerves, blood vessels and lymph

38
Q

Sertoli cells

A

“nurse” cells

produce nutrients for sperm

39
Q

Leydig cells

A

make testosterone

40
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

sertoli and leydig cells

41
Q

Testes

A

produce sperm

42
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

produce alkaline-fructose secretion (energize sperm)

43
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland

A

makes mucous for lubrication

44
Q

Scrotum

A

cremaster muscle

45
Q

Penis

A

controlled by parasympathetic NS and sympathetic
Parasympathetic=erection
Sympathetic=ejaculation

46
Q

SEVEN UP-order sperm takes

A 
S=scrotum
E=epididymis
V=vas deferens
E=ejaculatory duct
N= nothing

U=urethra
P=penile urethra

47
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal exam

48
Q

Spermatic cord

A 
vas deferens
testicular artery 
nerve
lymphatic
pampiniform plexus
49
Q

Mammory gland hormones

A

oxytocin=stimulates milk production

prolactin=promotes milk secretion

50
Q

Ovary

A

secretes estrogen and progesterone

51
Q

Ovulation

A

-Spike in LH and FSH

Day 14

52
Q

Corpus luteum

A

-called this after it is released from follicle
-yellow
acts as a gland and releases estrogen and progesterone

53
Q

Stratum functionale

A

shed during menstruation

54
Q

Stratum basale

A

regenerates functionale layer after menstruation

55
Q

Endometrium

A

Stratum functionale

Stratum basale

56
Q

FSH

A

-stimulates follicle maturation

57
Q

LH

A

-stimulates ovulation (day 14)

58
Q

Implantation

A 
releases HCG
maintains endometrium (progesterone) and corpus luteum (HCG)
59
Q

Fetus

A
  • 2 arteries

- 1 vein (becomes ligamentum teres)

Anatomy (3 decks)

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