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MMII > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

primer

A

performance improving base coat

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2
Q

primer: what it does, description

A
  • holds the finish coat to rest on the surface instead of allowing the finish coat to sink into the surface being painted
  • oil based (alkyd), water based (late or acrylic) or a hybrid (uses plant based oil)
  • some can help hide minor imperfections on the substrate
  • typically white but can be tinted towards the color of the finish coat
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3
Q

Paint: the top coat

A
  • may be oil/alkyd or water based
  • oil is increasingly illegal for walls and trims
  • most for metal is still oil based
  • additives for antifungal, anti mildew
  • epoxy coatings may be used for high traffic floors
  • formulations can be specifically recommended for various surfaces
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4
Q

pigments

A

minerals that impart color and affect the gloss level

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5
Q

binders

A

bind the colors and ingredients into a film (responsible for the toughness of the paint)

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6
Q

diluents

A

the carrier that makes the paint liquid enough to spread

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7
Q

additives

A

makes the paint what it needs to be…mildew resistant, fast drying, flame retardant, etc.

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8
Q

emulsifiers

A

fuse chemical ingredients together

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9
Q

sheen terms

A

top: low sheen level, shows fewer imperfections, less durable
bottom: high sheen, more imperfections, more durable
1. flat
2. satin/eggshell
3. semi gloss
4. high gloss

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10
Q

drywall finish levels

A 
0-drywall hung 
1-tape embedded in mud 
2-thin coat of mud on tape 
cover screws 
3-coat of mud on tape again 
cover screws again 
4-cover screws again, sand, prime 
5-skim coat
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11
Q

level 1

A

in hidden areas

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12
Q

level 2

A

when surface will be covered with materials like tile

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13
Q

level 3

A

if heavy duty, textured wall covering is applied

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14
Q

level 4

A

at flat paints or medium texture wall covering

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15
Q

level 5

A

at high sheen paint, where lighting will emphasize defects

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16
Q

ID design documentation process

A
  • drawings
  • specs
  • project manual
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17
Q

specification

A
  • an act of describing or identifying something precisely or of stating a precise requirement
  • a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something
  • a standard of workmanship, materials, etc. required to be met in a piece of work
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18
Q

construction specs

A
  • the agreement
  • conditions of the contract
  • drawings
  • specifications
  • addenda
  • other misc. documents
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19
Q

purpose of construction documents

A

to define the requirements of the materials, products, installation instructions and the quality of the workmanship

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20
Q

descriptive spec

A

include a detailed written description of the required properties of a product

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21
Q

performance spec

A

identify the performance characteristic that must be met by a product

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22
Q

proprietary spec

A

identifies product by manufacturer name, model number etc.

  • closed no substitutions allowed
  • open requests/allows submissions as alternate options, proposed by contractor
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23
Q

reference spec

A

standards are incorporated into the specs by use of specified professional regulations, tests, etc.

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24
Q

types of ID specs

A

CSI (construction specs institute)/masterformat

  • finishes/materials
  • FF&E
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25
Q

CSI

A

dewy decimal system of organizing

-3 parts, general, products, execution

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26
Q

what goes on the FFE specs

A

-designer company info
-client logo
-contact manuf. rep
-supplier/manuf
more

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27
Q

Paper wall covering

A

-two kinds of paper laminated together
-face paper for printing on
-back for adhesion
the more colors and more complex pattern higher the cost

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28
Q

grass wall covering

A
  • paper faced with long woven grasses
  • best to rotate every other panel
  • seams always show
  • needs special clear paste so the face doesn’t stain
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29
Q

string wall covering

A

continuous rows of string laid side by side on a paper backing

  • seams can be well hidden since the strings are vertical
  • vulnerable to water, soiling and cats
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30
Q

wood/cork veneer wall covering

A

real wood or cork veneers back with paper or mesh

  • some are sold by the panel and some by the roll
  • veneer surface can be stained in the field or may be prefinished
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31
Q

cloth wall covering

A
  • can be backed with paper, knit, foam, acrylic, or unbacked
  • should be treated with stain repellant
  • tricky to install
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32
Q

foil and mylar wall covering

A

metabolized plastic, backed with paper

  • reflections show every imperfection on a wall so wall prep needs a level 5 drywall finish
  • foils-actual metals, can oxidize
  • mylar-reflective plastics, can’t oxidize
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33
Q

flocked wall covering

A

glue is applied in a pattern and small fibers are sprinkled onto the glue which makes those areas fuzzy

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34
Q

vinyl wall covering

A
  1. paper backed
  2. fabric backed
  3. solid vinyl
    cleanable water resistant, scrubbable, can off-gas VOCs, can contain PVC, colorants and or toxic metals
    type 1: light, hotel rooms
    type 2: med. classrooms
    type 3: heavy, hospitals
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35
Q

general ratings for wall coverings

A

-class I: decorative
-class II: dec. and serviceable
-class III: dec. w good serv. medium use for abrasion and stain resistance, meets strength and crocking resistance
standards
-Class IV: all above, heavy consumer and light commercial, meets tear resistance criteria
-class V: all above medium commercial
-Class VI: all above, full commercial serviceability, resists cold cracking, heat aging and shrinkage

36
Q

colorways

A

various color combinations

37
Q

color run

A

wall covering term for dye lot

38
Q

vinyl size

A

typically 54” wide sold by the yard,

paper-type or residential is typically 27” wide with 4.5 to 5 yards per single roll

39
Q

terrazzo/composite

A
  • aggregate (stone or glass chips)+bind agent (cement/epoxy)
  • popular as a sustainable durable material
  • can be poured in place or purchased as precast
  • after it is cast, it is typically ground flat to reach a specified sheen level. can also be left coarse
40
Q

aggregate

A

traditional terrazzo uses marble as the aggregate

  • designer may visit a showroom to select
  • plastics, mirror, glass, wood or any other materials can be included
  • can be a variety of sizes
41
Q

binder or matrix

A
  1. cementitious-cement +water
  2. modified cementitious= polyacrylic edified cement
  3. resinous epoxy: an adhesive, plastic, paint or other material made from a class of synthetic thermosetting polymers containing epoxide groups
    - the binder can be pigmented with color agents
42
Q

terrazzo/composite

A

will have characteristics of the materials it contains

43
Q

concrete

A

water+aggregate+concrete +admixture

44
Q

admixtures

A 
fly ash 
air entraining 
accelerants 
retardants 
glass fiber reinforced concrete
45
Q

fly ash

A

burning coal recycled in concrete production.

Improves workability.

46
Q

air entraining

A

introduces air and provides durability in freezing weather

47
Q

accelerants

A

additives that decrease setting time and speed up curing.

48
Q

retardants

A

increases the setting time by slowing down hydration.

49
Q

Glass fiber reinforced concrete

A

reduces small surface cracks

50
Q

concrete charc.

A

Rigid – Expansion and control joins help to control cracks.
• Good compression strength
• Poor tensile (tension) strength – addition of rebar
• Porous–similar to limestone
• Need to be sealed (penetrating or top coat)
• Can add color
• Sound reflective

51
Q

concrete finishes

A 
stamped 
polished 
aggregate 
formed edges 
salt sandblasted broom trowel
52
Q

human factors affecting acoustics

A
  • movement towards specifying lightweight structures: gen. transit more sound than heavy ones
  • pop. density within buildings has increased
  • “open” office planning
  • desired mechanical systems
53
Q

acoustics

A

the branch of physics that involves the production, control, transmission, reception and effects of sound

54
Q

acoustical design

A

the planing, shaping, fishing and furnishing of an enclosed space to establish an acoustical environment that is necessary for the distinct hearing of speech or musical sounds

55
Q

sound

A

an audible pressure variation. produced through the ear, there must be a source, a transmission path and a receiver

56
Q

wavelength

A

distance between the peak of one sound wave and the peak of the next

57
Q

freq.

A

preceiving sound as high or low

58
Q

hertz

A

one hertz= one cycle per sec. the freq. with which these peaks pass a given point is measured ass the number of cycles

59
Q

decibles

A

a unit for expressing the relative pressure or intensity of sounds on a uniform scale from zero decibels for the least perceptible sound, to 130 for the average threshold of pain

60
Q

reflected sound

A

leaves a surface at an angle equal to the angle at which it strikes

61
Q

reverberation

A

the persistence of sound after the source of the sound has ceased the result of repeated reflections

62
Q

coefficient or absorption

A

measures how efficiently a material absorbs sounds

63
Q

noise reduction coefficient (NRC)

A

a single criterion for measuring the effectiveness of a porous sound absorber at midrange frequencies.

64
Q

sealing or painting a material can ruin its ability to absorb sound

A

true

65
Q

the thickness of a material does not increase its absorbency, except at very low freq.

A

true

66
Q

installation methods are important in determining the effectiveness of an absorptive material

A

true

67
Q

for best results treating the ceiling floor and wall opposite the sound source should be treated equally

A

true

68
Q

sound transmission class (STC)

A

a single number rating of the performance of a building material or construction assembly in presenting the transmission of airborne sound

69
Q

Impact isolation class rating (IIC)

A

a rating of floor construction similar to STC rating for walls. IIC is based on tests of actual construction using a tapping machine
-impact noise is often the most serious acoustical problem in buildings with multiple residents

70
Q

brick

A

color depends on the compositions and firing method

71
Q

dimensional brick

A

a full brick

72
Q

brick veneers adv./disadv.

A

Advantages:
– Very durable and longer lasting that many other
wall coverings
– More economical than full brickwork
– Lighter weight than full brick
– Thinner profile
• Disadvantages:
– Durability and quality may not be equal to full
brick
– Cannot be used structurally
– Does not provide the thermal properties of full brick

73
Q

brick pavers

A 
Often used on floors
 • Designed for horizontal applications
• Thinner than bricks used for wall
• Sizes range from
1 1/8” x 3 1/8” x 7 5/8” To 2 1⁄4”x 4”x 8”
• Can come in tiles too
74
Q

brick mortar

A

Various mortar joint profiles that designers may specify

• Reasons for selecting one of the other would be visual

75
Q

Brick Protection/ Maintenance/Installation

A

Brick is a porous material with impervious properties
• Bricks can be finished with any approved, clear, masonry sealer
• Coatings may enhance the color or sheen
• Sealer would depend on the use
• A mason plus one helper can lay about 700 full bricks a day, complexity will vary this number.

76
Q

brick pricing

A

Bricks are sold by the 1,000 and shipped in
smaller quantities.
• Price is determined by the s.f. • If you use 4”x 8” pavers.
• With a room that is 15’ x 20’ (300 sf.) multiply by 4.5 (amount of 4”x8” paver in a sf.) means you need 1,350 pavers

77
Q

chem of plastic

A

-long chain of polymers
-variations of these polymers provide distinct characteristics appropriate for the use
-most plastics use petroleum as the base
-bioplastics are resins derived from plant sources: cashew shells, pea starch, corn etc.
two basic types of plastics

78
Q

two basic types of plastics

A

Thermoset – cannot have their shape altered
after production
 Thermoplastic – can be softened and formed with heat (such as acrylic)

79
Q

acrylic

A

Clear colorless resin but can have color introduced before forming
Available in sheets and rods, can be cast into molds and heat formed
 Thickness range 1/8” to 1”
 Brand names: Lucite, Lexan, Plexiglas, 3 Form
 Acrylic is a component in solid surfacing
 Soft material
 Can be scratched by abrasives
 Will deform under pressure or weight
 Thicker material is strongest
 Vulnerable to some chemicals, like ammonia (which is in glass cleaning products)
 Can be self-supporting
 Seams can be chemically welded, will still be visible

80
Q

solid surfacing (S.S.)

A

S.S. products are nonporous, thermoplastic and thermoset materials
 Water resistant and dimensionally stable  Natural mineral bonded with acrylic or
polyester resin
 Different resins create different characteristics
 Common sheet sizes of 30”-36” wide (some up to 48”) to 10’-12’ long
 Common thickness – 1/4” to 1 1/4”
 Can be shaped and molded
 All products are color-through
 Stains and burns may be removable by light sanding and buffing
 Should not be glued to a substrate but should be floated and secured with clamps/screws
 Minimize seams, need a seaming diagram
-Seems like a rigid material only used for countertops but there are alternate uses for materials like Corian.

81
Q

engineered stone

A

When natural Quartz is combined with polyester resin (can be as high as 90% stone with 10% resin)
 Trade names: Caesar Stone, Cambria, Zodiac
 Non-porous, can be used where natural stone is prohibited (food service/healthcare)
 Harder than Granite and Marble, also more abrasion resistant

82
Q

plastic laminates

A

Layers of paper bonded together with resins to produce a surfacing veneer.

83
Q

high pressure plastic laminates

A

Kraft paper saturated with phenolic resin, pressed between 1,000-1,200 pounds per sq. inch for one hr. at 280 degrees.
 Durable
 Bonded to a substrate, most commonly
particleboard, MDF or plywood
 HPL is water resistant, but substrates are not
 Many decorative edges possible
 Various types use different resins:
 Non-forming: Rigid and will remain as a straight sheet
 Forming: Adjusted in the curing process to be more flexible to be bent under heat
 Post-forming: Post production adjustment

84
Q

low pressure plastic laminates

A

AKA Melamine

 Typically, already applied to a particleboard substrate that is cut to size and fashioned into a surface.

85
Q

safety/sustainability

A

Most of these products will burn/smoke  Thermoset plastics are not currently
recyclable
 Thermoplastic resins are recyclable but the industry lacks the infrastructure to recycle them
 Bio-based plastics (from renewable resources) are an alternative but are also not as widely developed

MMII (4 decks)

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