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Bio252 > EXAM 3 HORMONES > Flashcards

EXAM 3 HORMONES Flashcards

1
Q

Principle function of TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

A

Promotes secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin

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2
Q

Function of PRH (prolactin-releasing hormone)

A

Promotes secretion of prolactin

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3
Q

Function of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

A

Promotes secretion of hormones that will affect the gonads (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone)

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4
Q

Function of CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)

A

Promotes secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone

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5
Q

Function of GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone/somatostatin)

A

Inhibits secretion of growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone

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6
Q

Function of PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone/dopamine)

A

Inhibits secretion of prolactin

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7
Q

What are the hormones of the hypothalamus?

A
  • TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
  • PRH (prolactin-releasing hormone)
  • GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
  • CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
  • GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone/somatocritin
  • GHIH (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone/somatostatin)
  • PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone/dopamine)
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8
Q

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

A
  • FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
  • LH (luteinizing hormone)
  • TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
  • ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
  • PRL (prolactin)
  • GH (growth hormone)
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9
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

A

Function: male:sperm production female:growth of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen
Target organ/tissue: ovaries, testes

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10
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for LH (luteinizing hormone)

A

Function: male:testosterone secretion female: ovulation, maintenance of corpus luteum
Target organ/tissue: ovaries, testes

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11
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)

A

Function: growth of thyroid, secretion of thyroid hormone

Target organ/tissue: thyroid gland

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12
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

A

Function: growth of adrenal cortex, secretion of glucocorticoids
Target organ/tissue: adrenal cortex

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13
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for PRL (prolactin)

A

Function: milk production

Target organ/tissue: mammary glands

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14
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for GH (growth hormone)

A

Function: widespread tissue growth, especially in the stated tissues
Target organ/tissue: liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat

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15
Q

What are the hormones of the posterior pituitary?

A
  • ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

- OT (oxytocin)

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16
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

A

Function: water retention

Target organ/tissue: kidneys

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17
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for OT (oxytocin)

A

Function: labor contraction, milk release, ejaculation, sperm transport, emotion affection, mother-infant bonding, smooth muscle contraction during orgasm
Target organ/tissue: uterus, mammary glands

18
Q

What are the 3 thyroid glands?

A
  • T3: triiodothyronine
  • T4: tetraiodothyronine
  • CT: calcitonin
19
Q

Function and target organs/tissues for T3 (triiodothyronine)

A

Function:increases rate of metabolism

Target organ/tissue: many cell in the body

20
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for T4 (tetraiodothyronine)

A

Function: increase rate of metabolism

Target organ/tissue: many cells in the body

21
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for CT (calcitonin)

A

Function: increases calcium storage in bone, lower blood calcium levels
Target organ/tissue: bone tissue (osteoclasts)

22
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for PTH (parathyroid hormone)

A

Function: increase calcium removal from storage in bone, produces the active form of vitamin D in the kidney, increase absorption of calcium by intestines, increases blood Ca2+ levels
Target organ/tissue: bone tissue (osteoclasts) and kidney

23
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for Aldosterone

A

Functions: stimulates kidney tubules to conserve sodium; triggers the release of ADH and the resulting conservation of water by the kidney
Target organ/tissue: kidney

24
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for cortisol

A

Function: increase protein breakdown, stimulate gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, provide resistance to stress, dampen inflammation, depress immune response
Target organ/tissue: many cells in the body

25
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for Adrenal Androgens (DHEA)

A

Function: assist in early growth of axillary and pubic hair, contributes to libido and are source of estrogens after menopause

26
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine)

A

Function: enhance effects of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system during stress
Target organ/tissue: sympathetic nervous system effectors

27
Q

What is mineralocorticoids also known as?

A

Aldosterone

28
Q

What are glucocorticoids also known as?

A

Cortisol

29
Q

What’s re androgens also known as?

A

DHEA

30
Q

What cells release glucagon?

A

Alpha cells

31
Q

What cells release insulin?

A

Beta cells

32
Q

What cells release somatostatin?

A

Delta cells

33
Q

What cells release pancreatic peptide (PP)?

A

PP or F cells

34
Q

Alpha cells: hormone, targets, primary targets, regulation

A

Hormone:glucagon
Targets: liver, adipose
Primary targets: promotes glucose synthesis, glycogen breakdown, increases blood glucose levels
Regulation: stimulated by low blood glucose levels. Inhibited by somatostatin

35
Q

Bet cells: hormone, targets, primary targets, regulation

A

Hormone: insulin
Target: most cells
Primary target: promotes cellular uptake of glucose and storage of lipids and glycogen
Regulation: stimulated by high blood glucose concentration and parasympathetic stimulation. Inhibited by somatostatin and sympathetic stimulation

36
Q

Delta cells: hormone, targets, primary targets, regulation

A

Hormone: somatostatin
Targets: other islet cells and digestive epithelium
Primary targets: inhibits insulin and glucagon. Slows nutrient absorption and enzyme secretion in the digestive tract
Regulation: stimulated by protein-rich food. Unknown inhibitory regulation

37
Q

F cells: hormone, targets, primary targets, regulation

A

Hormone: pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
Targets: digestive organs
Primary targets: inhibits gallbladder contraction and regulates release of pancreatic enzymes
Regulation: stimulated by protein-rich food and by parasympathetic stimulation

38
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for estradiol

A

Function: regulate female reproductive cycle, maintain pregnancy, promote maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics
Target organ/tissue: uterus, breast, and other tissues

39
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for progesterone

A

Function: maintain endometrial thickness and proper conditions for pregnancy
Target organ/tissue: uterus, breast, and other tissues

40
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for testosterone

A

Function: increase production of sperm, develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics, libido
Target organ/tissue: sperm-producing cells of the testes, muscles, and other tissues

41
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for relaxin

A

Function: increases flexibility in the pubic symphysis during pregnancy; and helps dilate the cervix during labor and delivery
Target organ/tissue: pubic symphysis and uterine cervix

42
Q

Function and target organ/tissue for inhibin

A

Function: inhibits the secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary
Target organ/tissue: gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland

Bio252 (5 decks)

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