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Biology of Disease II > Exam 3: Mouth > Flashcards

Exam 3: Mouth Flashcards

1
Q

Causes: Palatoschisis

A

Cleft palate
Genetics (brachycephalics)
Nutritional (excessive vit A or D)
Drugs (steroids, antifungals, antiseizure meds)
Viruses (intrauterine canine distemper infection)
Toxins (veratrum californicum, lupine)

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2
Q

Sequela: Palatoschisis

A

Starvation (can’t make negative pressure while nursing)
Aspiration pneumonia

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3
Q

Brachygnathia inferiors

A

Overbite

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4
Q

Prognathism

A

Underbite

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5
Q

Agnathia

A

Lack of mandible

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6
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of oral cavity

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7
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gingiva

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8
Q

Glossitis

A

Inflammation of the tongue

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9
Q

Pulpitis

A

Inflammation of the tooth

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10
Q

Cheilitis

A

Inflammation of the lips

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11
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

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12
Q

What are the (3) examples of vesicular stomatitides?

A

Foot and mouth disease (picornavirus)
Vesicular stomatitis (rhabdovirus)
Vesicular exanthema (calicivirus)

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13
Q

What are the (5) examples of erosive and ulcerative stomatitides?

A

Bovine viral diarrhea (pestivirus)
Rinderpest (morbillivirus)
Malignant catarrhal fever (herpesvirus)
Feline calicivirus
Bluetongue (orbivirus)

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14
Q

What species is not susceptible to foot and mouth disease?

A

Horses

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15
Q

What are the (4) relevant causes of bacterial stomatitis?

A

Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue)
Necrobacillosis (calf diphtheria)
Infectious stomatitis (mouth rot in reptiles)

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16
Q

What causes lumpy jaw?

A

Actinomyces bovis

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17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of lumpy jaw?

A

Actinomyces bovis
Normal oral bacteria
Invade through penetrating wounds
Destroy bone
Pyogranulomatous osteomylelitis
Deep stomatitis, disfigured mandible

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18
Q

What causes wooden tongue?

A

Actinobacillus lingnieresii

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19
Q

What does wooden tongue look like?

A

Actinobacillus lingnieresii
Deep infection of the tongue
Tongue can be very firm
Yellow granules exude from the ulcerated tongue surface - sulfur granules

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20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of necrobacillosis?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
Trauma to oral cavity (mechanical)
Primary viral infection by F. necrophorum
Coagulative necrosis
Focal or multifocal areas of oral necrosis

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21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of infectious stomatitis?

A

“Mouth rot”
Lizards, snakes, turtles
Stress –> immunosuppression –> normal bacterial overgrowth

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22
Q

What are the clinical signs/affected areas of feline lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis?

A

Chronic gingivostomatitis
Severe lymphoplasmacytic inflammation
Affected areas: premolars, molars, caudal oral mucosa lateral to the palatoglossal folds

23
Q

What causes feline lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis? What is the treatment?

A

Idiopathic
Antigenic overstimulation
+/- calicivirus
Treatment: teeth extraction

24
Q

What lesions are associated with eosinophilic stomatitis? What causes it?

A

Oral granulomas (“rodent ulcers”)
Cats > dogs
Lips, anywhere in the mouth, other evidence of dermal masses or allergic dermatitis
Grouped into the eosinophilic granulomas complex
Causes: idiopathic, autoimmune

25
Q

What are characteristics of canine papillomas?

A

Generally papilloma virus induced
Most common in younger dogs
May regress spontaneously
Papillary squamous cell carcinoma can look similar but would have histologic and/or radiographic evidence of invasion

26
Q

What are characteristics of peripheral odontogenic fibromas?

A

“Benign eupils”
Tumor of odontogenic mesenchyme
Common in dogs, infrequent in cats
Benign
Local excision curative

27
Q

What are characteristics of acanthomatous ameloblastoma?

A

Tumor of periodontal ligament
Occurs in dogs
Locally invasive - aggressive
Wide surgical excision needed as recurrence is common
Does not metastasize

28
Q

What are characteristics of gingival hyperplasia?

A

Very common in dogs, especially brachycephalic breeds
Benign lesion

29
Q

What are the different types of trauma associated with the mouth?

A

Physical (chewing, carrying heavy items, HBC, gunshot, blunt force trauma)
Chemical (acid or alkali)
Traumatic (electrocution)

30
Q

What is the most common feline oral neoplasm?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma, lymphonma, melanoma

31
Q

What is the most common canine oral neoplasm?

A

Melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma
Papilloma

32
Q

What are the (3) types of primary tooth dysplasia?

A

Failure of development (agenesis - anodontia)
Too few teeth (oligodontia)
Supernumerary teeth (polyodontia)

33
Q

What are examples of secondary tooth dysplasia?

A

Enamel hypoplasia = canine distemper virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, malnutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies

34
Q

What are examples of abnormal wear in teeth?

A

Wave mouth
Infection, loss, damage
Dental fractures
Surrounding soft tissue damage

35
Q

What can cause teeth discoloration?

A

Tetracyclines (yellow)
Porphyrins (orange red)
Fluorosis (brown)

36
Q

What are the sequelae of infectious periodontal disease?

A

Tooth loss due to destruction of periodontal ligament
Pulpitis
Tooth root abscesses
Bacteremia –> heart disease (endocarditis)

37
Q

Salivary Cyst

A

Distention of the salivary duct

38
Q

Ranula

A

Mucus extravasation
Cyst involving the sublingual or submaxillary gland
Under tongue

39
Q

Salivary Mucocele

A

Pseudocyst in the glandular tissue (mucus extravasation)

40
Q

What are the causes of sialadenitis?

A

Infectious = rabies, canine distemper virus, sialodacryoadenitis virus (rats), salmonella typhisuius (pigs)
Foreign body = grass awn
Infarction

41
Q

What are common neoplasms of the salivary glands?

A

Adenoma (benign)
Adenocarcinoma (malignant)
Mixed tumors

42
Q

What are the (2) congenital abnormalities of the tongue?

A

Lethal glossopharyngeal defect (“bird tongue”)
Choristoma (“hair tongue”)

43
Q

What are the (2) infectious abnormalities of the tongue?

A

Candidiasis (thrush) - candida albicans
Wooden tongue - actinobacillus linguieresii

44
Q

What is the (1) inflammatory abnormality of the tongue?

A

Eosinophilic granuloma

45
Q

What is the pathogenesis of uremic glossitis in carnivores?

A

High blood BUN –> vascular damage/vasculitis –> thrombosis –> infarction +/- caustic effect from ammonia due to urease-producing bacteria
d/t chronic renal disease

46
Q

What is the pathogenesis of uremic glossitis in herbivores?

A

High blood and salivary urea –> GI bacteria split urea –> ammonia –> local caustic effect
d/t protein metabolism

47
Q

What are the (6) common neoplasms of the tongue?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Papilloma
Rhabdomyoma
Melanoma
Fibrosarcoma
Granular cell tumor

48
Q

Grossly, how can you tell the difference between a salivary gland and a lymph node?

A

Lymph nodes: shiny, homogenous
Salivary glands: lobules, dull

49
Q

What are the causes of congenital megaesophagus?

A

Persistent right 4th aortic arch (vascular ring)
Idiopathic denervation

50
Q

What are the causes of acquired megaesophagus?

A

Neuomuscular = myasthenia gravis, polymyositis
Chagas’ disease
Hypothyroidism
Lead poisoning

51
Q

What are the common sites of choke?

A

Over the larynx
Thoracic inlet
Base of heart
Diaphragmatic hiatus

52
Q

What are the sequelae of choke?

A

Perforation —>
Pneumonia or pleuritis
Cellulitis
Stenosis
Periesophageal adhesions

53
Q

What are the sequelae of spirocerca lupi infection?

A

Nodules in the distal esophagus –> penetrate aorta leading to rupture –> granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis –> neoplasia (fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma)

54
Q

What are the (4) common esophageal neoplasms?

A

Sarcoma (canine - spirocerca lupi)
Lymphoma
Papilloma (bovine papilloma virus)
Squamous cell carcinoma (bracken fern)

Biology of Disease II (29 decks)

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