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pharm III > exam 3: oncology > Flashcards

exam 3: oncology Flashcards

1
Q

alkylating agents

A

damage the cell’s DNA, causing the DNA strand to break

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2
Q

alkylating agents prevent. . .

A

the reproduction of cancer cells

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3
Q

nitrogen mustards

A

same as alkylating agents

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4
Q

antitumor antibiotics

A

interfere with DNA replication and RNA transcription

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5
Q

antitumor antibiotics do not treat. . .

A

infection

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6
Q

plant alkaloid causes. . .

A

cell dysfunction during mitosis

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7
Q

cyclophosphamide treats. . .

A
  • non-hodgkins/hodgkins lymphoma
  • CLL
  • multiple myeloma
  • breast, ovarian, lung cancer
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8
Q

common s/e of cyclophosphamide

A
  • alopecia
  • fever
  • neutropenia
  • anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
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9
Q

major s/e of cyclophosphamide

A
  • bone marrow suppression
  • hemorrhagic cystitis
  • TLS (tumor lysis syndrome)
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10
Q

cyclophosphamide is contraindicated in clients who have an obstructed. . .

A

urinary outflow

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11
Q

labs to monitor with cyclophosphamide

A
  • CBC
  • platelets
  • urine
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12
Q

what may be used to prevent bladder toxicity with cyclophosphamide

A

mesna

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13
Q

pt education for cyclophosphamide

A
  • increase fluid intake
  • report urinary s/s
  • choose an effective birth control method
  • report s/s of infection
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14
Q

doxorubicin is used to treat. . .

A
  • breast cancer with lymph node involvement
  • ALL
  • AML
  • Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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15
Q

doxorubicin interferes with ________ by ______

A

cell cycle division by binding to DNA

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16
Q

doxorubicin is also known as the. . .

A

red devil

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17
Q

common s/e of doxorubicin

A
  • alopecia
  • fatigue
  • mucositis
  • dry skin
  • anorexia
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18
Q

major s/e of doxorubicin

A
  • cardiac toxicity
  • bone marrow suppression
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19
Q

doxorubicin is contraindicated in pts with. . .

A
  • severe myocardial insufficiency
  • recent MI (last 4-6wks)
  • severe myelosuppression
  • severe hepatic impairment
20
Q

what should the nurse monitor before each dose of doxorubicin?

A
  • ECG
  • CXR
  • echocardiogram
  • left ventricular EF
21
Q

what should the pt report while taking doxorubicin?

A
  • any s/s of infection, tachycardia, cough, SOB, lower extremity edema
  • any s/s of redness, burning or blisters on palms of hands/soles of feet
22
Q

urine appearance during doxorubicin therapy

A

red

23
Q

labs to monitor with doxorubicin administration

A
  • CBC
  • platelets, uric acid
  • electrolytes
  • liver + kidney function
24
Q

nurse should assess and monitor for _____ when giving doxorubicin

A
  • bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia)
  • cardiac status
  • Tumor Lysis Syndrome
25
Q

common s/e with methotrexate

A
  • ulcerative stomatitis
  • leukopenia
  • malaise
26
Q

major s/e with methotrexate

A
  • TLS
  • toxicity (GI, pulmonary, hepatic)
27
Q

methotrexate shouldn’t be given to. . .

A
  • pregnant females with psoriasis/RA
  • breastfeeding
28
Q

what should the pt avoid when taking methotrexate

A
  • pregnancy/effective contraceptive 3 months after treatment
  • alcohol
29
Q

labs and illnesses to monitor for when administering methotrexate

A
  • CBC
  • platelets
  • renal/liver function tests
  • leukopenia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • serum methotrexate levels
  • TLS
30
Q

vincristine is used when treating. . .

A
  • ALL
  • Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
  • neuroblastoma
  • Wilms tumor
31
Q

vincristine is cell cycle specific on the _____ phase by inhibiting ______

A
  • M phase
  • mitosis
32
Q

common s/e with vincristine

A
  • cranial nerve damage
  • dysuria
  • HTN
  • hypotension
33
Q

major s/e with vincristine

A
  • extravasation (antidote is Hyaluronidase
  • SIADH (body produces too much ADH)
34
Q

when would vincristine result in fatality?

A

if given any other route than IV

35
Q

labs to monitor with vincristine

A
  • bilirubin
  • kidney function
    neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia
36
Q

what should the nurse determine prior to vincristine administration?

A

absolute patency of vein and adequate circulation of extremity

37
Q

the nurse should monitor what status and WHY during vincristine therapy?

A

neuro status d/t neurotoxicity being prevalent in the elderly

38
Q

pt education for vincristine (things to avoid, reports, etc)

A
  • avoid pregnancy and/or d/c breastfeeding
  • report burning/stinging at IV site
  • increase fluid
39
Q

types of cancers that tamoxifen treats

A
  • breast (male & female)
  • ovarian
  • uterine
  • testicular
  • prostate
40
Q

tamoxifen blocks the stimulation of growing cells specific to what hormone?

A

estrogen

41
Q

tamoxifen increases the risk for. . .

A
  • uterine cancer
  • thrombosis
  • CV disease
42
Q

common s/e of tamoxifen

A
  • missed periods
  • bladder pain
  • pyuria (pus in urine)
  • weight gain
  • photosensitivity
43
Q

major s/e of tamoxifen

A
  • GI toxicity
  • hypercalcemia
44
Q

pt education for tamoxifen

A
  • adequate oral hygiene
  • protect skin from UV
  • weigh weekly
  • utilize contraception
  • small, frequent meals
  • increase fluids to 2L/day
45
Q

labs to monitor with tamoxifen

A
  • calcium
  • renal/liver function
  • cholesterol
  • triglycerides
46
Q

the nurse should monitor for ____ when administering tamoxifen

A

s/s of DVT, PE, stroke (edema, SOB, pain)

pharm III (6 decks)

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