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Medical Terminology > Exam 3 pt 2 > Flashcards

Exam 3 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone

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3
Q

bone

A

specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells)

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4
Q

compact bone

A

tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones

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5
Q

spongy bone/cancellous bone

A

mesh-like bone tissue found in the interior of bones and surrounding the medullary cavity

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6
Q

long bones

A

bones of the arms and legs

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7
Q

short bones

A

bones of the wrist and ankles

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8
Q

flat bones

A

bones of ribs,, shoulder blads, pelvis,and skull

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9
Q

irregular bones

A

bones of the vertebrae and face

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10
Q

sesamoid bones

A

round bones found near joints (eg. the patella)

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11
Q

epiphysis

A

wide ends of a long bone

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12
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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13
Q

metaphysis

A

growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during the development of a long bone

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14
Q

endosteum

A

membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone

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15
Q

medullary cavity

A

cavity within the shaft of a long bone; filled with bone marrow

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16
Q

bone marrow

A

soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones

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17
Q

red bone marrow

A

functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets, found in the cavities of most bones in infants and in the flat bones in adults

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18
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells

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19
Q

periosteum

A

a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone

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20
Q

articular cartilage

A

a gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate

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21
Q

articulation

A

a joint; where two bones come together

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22
Q

bursa

A

a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

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23
Q

disk/disc

A

a flat, plate like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue between the vertebrae that reduces friction

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24
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk

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25
Q

ligament

A

a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

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26
Q

synovial membrane

A

membrane lining the capsule of a joint

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27
Q

synovial fluid

A

joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

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28
Q

muscle

A

tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body

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29
Q

striated muscle/skeletal muscle

A

voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton

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30
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary muscle found in internal organs

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31
Q

cardiac muscle

A

muscle of the heart

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32
Q

origin of a muscle

A

muscle end attatched to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts

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33
Q

insertion of a muscle

A

muscle end attatched to the bone tht moves when the muscle contracts

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34
Q

tendon

A

a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone

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35
Q

fascia

A

a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle

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36
Q

anatomical position

A

upright, facing forward, feet slightly apart and pointer forward, arms at sides with palms facing forward

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37
Q

coronal plane/frontal plane

A

divides body into anterior and posterior

38
Q

saggital plane

A

divides left and right

39
Q

transverese

A

horizontal division bw upper and lower

40
Q

anterior/ventral

A

front

41
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

back

42
Q

proximal

A

toward beginning or origin of a structure

43
Q

distal

A

away from beginning or origin of structure

44
Q

axis

A

imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part

45
Q

decupitus

A

lying down

46
Q

prone

A

lying face down and flat

47
Q

recumbent

A

lying down

48
Q

supin

A

lying flat on back

49
Q

goniometer

A

instrument used to measure joint angles

50
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

51
Q

atrophy

A

shrinking of muscle size

52
Q

crepitation/crepitus

A

grating sound sometimes made by the movement of a joint or broken bones

53
Q

exostosis

A

projection arising from a bone that develops from ccratilage

54
Q

flaccid

A

flabby, relaxed

55
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in size of tissue, such as muscle

56
Q

hypotonia

A

reduced muscle tone or tension

57
Q

myalgia/myodynia

A

muscle pain

58
Q

ostealgia/osteodynia

A

bone pain

59
Q

rigor/rigidity

A

stiffness; stiff muscle

60
Q

spasm

A

drawing in; involuntary contraction

61
Q

spastic

A

uncontrolled contractions

62
Q

tetany

A

tension; prolonged and continuous muscle contraction

63
Q

tremor

A

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

64
Q

ankylosis

A

stiff joint condition

65
Q

gouty arthritis

A

acute attacks of arthritis

66
Q

bony necrosis/sequestrum

A

bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply

67
Q

bunion

A

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa

68
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

69
Q

chrondomalacia

A

softening of cartilage

70
Q

epiphysitis

A

inflammation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone

71
Q

simple fracture

A

nondisplaced fracture that does not require extensive treatment to repair

72
Q

comminuted fracture

A

broken in many small pieces

73
Q

greenstick fracture

A

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

74
Q

herniated disk

A

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmenter intervertebral disk, causing compresson on nerve root

75
Q

myeloma

A

bone marrow tumor

76
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of muscle

77
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant smooth muscle tumor

78
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

79
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

genetically transmitted; progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles

80
Q

osteoma

A

bone tumor

81
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency

82
Q

rickets

A

osteomalacia in children;causes bone deformity

83
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone and bone marrow, causing inflammation

84
Q

osteoporosis

A

decreased bone density

85
Q

kyphosis

A

hump back

86
Q

scoliosis

A

s shaped

87
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra

88
Q

spondylosis

A

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration

89
Q

sprain

A

injury to ligament cuased by joint trauma but no fracture or dislocation

90
Q

subluxation

A

partian dislocation

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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