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A & P II > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A
  • Excretion
  • Elimination
  • Homeostatic regulation
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2
Q

What structure carries urine to the bladder?

A
  • Ureters
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3
Q

Which organ is primarily responsible for the excretory functions of the urinary system?

A
  • Kidneys
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4
Q

What is the term for the elimination of urine when the bladder is full?

A
  • Micturition
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5
Q

Define a glomerulus and its role within the kidney.

A
  • The glomerulus is the main filtering unit of the kidney.
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6
Q

Which statement is NOT true regarding the kidneys: they are retroperitoneal, encased in a fibrous capsule, or partly located within the pelvic cavity?

A
  • Partly located within the pelvic cavity
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7
Q

What is the outermost layer of the kidney called?

A
  • Renal fascia
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8
Q

What is the name of the kidney cavity that collects urine from the calyces?

A
  • Renal pelvis
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9
Q

What is glomerulonephritis and how does it impact kidney function?

A
  • Inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys
  • The kidneys slowly lose their ability to remove wastes and excess fluid from the blood to make urine.
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10
Q

What is polycystic kidney disease and how does it affect kidney structure?

A
  • An inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys, causing your kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time.
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11
Q

What are renal columns and where are they located within the kidney?

A
  • The renal columns are connective tissue extensions that radiate downward from the cortex through the medulla to separate the most characteristic features of the medulla; the renal pyramids and renal papillae.
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12
Q

Where does the ureter start expanding?

A
  • Renal pelvis
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13
Q

What is the first part of the nephron that the filtrate passes through after the glomerular capsule?

A
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
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14
Q

Which part of the nephron connects directly to the collecting duct?

A
  • Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
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15
Q

What is main function of each of the following: proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop and the distal convoluted tubule in the nephron?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule:
* Reabsorbs filtrate to maintain homeostasis, including water, solutes, glucose, amino acids, and proteins. The PCT also regulates acid-base balance by reabsorbing bicarbonate.

Nephron loop:
* Concentrates urine.

Distal convoluted tubule:
* Regulates water, electrolyte, and hydrogen-ion balance. In the DCT, water and salts are secreted.

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16
Q

What are nephrons and their role in the kidneys?

A
  • Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney and are responsible for blood filtration and urine production.
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17
Q

Where in the kidneys does plasma filtration primarily occur?

A
  • Glomerulus
18
Q

What primarily drives the filtration process in the kidneys?

A
  • Filtration is primarily driven by hydraulic pressure (blood pressure) in the capillaries of the glomerulus.
19
Q

What term describes the amount of filtrate the kidneys produce each minute?

A
  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
20
Q

For what reasons would diuretics commonly be used?

A
  • Diuretics help your body dispose of extra fluid and salt. They also treat a variety of medical problems, such as heart failure and high blood pressure.
21
Q

What is the primary reproductive gland in males called?

A
  • Testicle
22
Q

How is sperm transported along the ductus deferens?

A
  • Muscular contractions called peristalsis.
23
Q

Which organ transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?

A
  • Vas deferens
24
Q

What are the inward projections called that divide the testis into lobules?

A
  • Septa testis
25
Q

What is the role of FSH in the male reproductive system?

A
  • Signals the testes to make sperm.
26
Q

Which pituitary hormone stimulates testosterone secretion?

A
  • LH, Luteinizing Hormone
27
Q

What type of cell division is required to produce gametes?

A
  • Meiosis
28
Q

Where do sperm mature functionally?

A
  • Epididymis
29
Q

Which organ transports the ovum to the uterus?

A
  • Fallopian tubes
30
Q

What are the parts of the vulva?

A
  • Labia
  • Clitoris
  • Mons pubis
  • Urethral opening
  • Vaginal opening
31
Q

Where does fertilization most commonly occur within the uterine tube?

A
  • Ampulla
32
Q

What are the functions of the ovaries?

A
  • House and release eggs
  • Make hormones.
33
Q

Why is ovarian cancer considered the deadliest of reproductive cancers?

A
  • Does undetected until it has spread.
34
Q

What is the leading cause of death among women aged 35-45?

A
  • Breast Cancer
35
Q

What is the typical duration of the menstrual cycle?

A
  • 28 days
36
Q

What happens during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

A
  • The lining of the uterus proliferates to form a new layer of endometrial tissue in the uterus.
37
Q

Describe what occurs during the menstrual phase.

A
  • Your uterus lining sheds and flows out of your vagina.
38
Q

What is the primary hormone produced by the corpus luteum?

A
  • Progesterone
39
Q

Which uterine phase occurs due to a decrease in progesterone levels?

A
  • Luteal Phase
40
Q

Which hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation?

A
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A & P II (1 decks)

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