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Educational Psychology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Learner directed instruction

A

Students have considerable control regarding issues they address and the ways they address them in a lesson

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1
Q

Teacher directed instruction

A

Teacher is largely in control of content and course of the lesson

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2
Q

Instructional goal

A

Desired long term outcome of a lesson

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3
Q

Instructional objective

A

Desired outcome of a lesson or unit

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4
Q

Backward design

A

Approach to instructional planning in which a teacher first determines the desired end result, such as what knowledge and skills students should acquire, and then identifies appropriate assessments and instructional strategies

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5
Q

Standards

A

General statements regarding the knowledge and skills that students should gain and the characteristics that their accomplishments should reflect

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6
Q

Blooms taxonomy

A

Taxonomy of six cognitive processes that lessons might be designed to foster

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7
Q

6 processes of blooms taxonomy

A 
Remember
Understand
Apply
Analyze
Evaluate 
Create
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8
Q

Task analysis

A

Process of identifying the specific behaviors, knowledge or cognitive processes necessary to master a particular subject area or skill

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9
Q

Lesson plan

A

Teacher constructed guide for a lesson that identifies instructional goals and materials and assessment methods

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10
Q

Expository instruction

A

Approach to instruction in which information is presented in more or less the same form in which students are expected to learn it

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11
Q

Advance organizer

A

Introduction to a lesson that provides an overall organizational scheme for the lesson

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12
Q

Mastery learning

A

Approach to instruction in which students learn one topic thoroughly before moving to a subsequent one

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13
Q

Direct instruction

A

Approach that uses a variety of techniques (ie explanations questions) in a fairly structured manner to promote learning of basic skills

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14
Q

Distance learning

A

Technology based instruction in which students are at a location physically separate from that of their instructor

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15
Q

Information literacy

A

Knowledge and skills that help a learner find use evaluate organize and present information about a particular topic

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16
Q

Discovery learning

A

Approach to instruction in which students derive their own knowledge about a topic through firsthand interaction with the environment

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17
Q

Inquiry learning

A

Students seek new information through the intentional application of higher level thinking processes

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18
Q

Authentic activity

A

Classroom activity similar to an activity that students are apt to encounter in the outside world

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19
Q

Lower level question

A

Requires students to retrieve and recite what they have learned in essentially the same way they learned it

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20
Q

Higher level question

A

Requires students to use previously learned information in a new way

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21
Q

Reciprocal teaching

A

Approach to teaching reading and listening comprehension in which students take turns asking teacher like questions of classmates

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22
Q

Cooperative learning

A

Students work with small group of peers to achieve a common goal and help one another learn

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23
Q

Base group

A

Cooperative learning group in which students work together for an entire semester or year to provide mutual support for each other’s learning

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24
Q

Jigsaw technique

A

Materials are divided among members of a group with different students being responsible for learning different content and teaching it to other group members

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25
Q

Scripted cooperation

A

Cooperative learning groups follow a set of steps or script that guides members verbal interactions

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26
Q

Differentiated instruction

A

Practice of individualize my instructional methods and possibly content or goals to align with each students existing knowledge skills and needs

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27
Q

Assessment

A

Process of observing a sample of a students behavior and drawing inferences about the students knowledge and abilities

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28
Q

Informal assessment

A

Results from a teachers spontaneous day to day observations of how students perform in class

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29
Q

Formal assessment

A

Preplanned systematic attempt to ascertain what students know and can do

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30
Q

Paper pencil assessment

A

Students provide written responses to written items

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31
Q

Performance assessment

A

Students demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a non written fashion

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32
Q

Traditional assessment

A

Focuses on measuring basic knowledge and skills in relative isolation from tasks typical of the outside world

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33
Q

Authentic assessment

A

Done in a context similar to one in the outside world

34
Q

Standardized test

A

Developed by test construction experts and published for use in many different schools and classrooms

35
Q

Teacher developed assessment instrument

A

Developed by an individual teacher for use in his or her own classroom

36
Q

Criterion referenced assessment

A

Instrument designed to determine what students know and can do relative to predetermined standards or criteria

37
Q

Norm referenced assessment

A

Indicates how students perform relative to a peer group

38
Q

Formative evaluation

A

Conducted before or during instruction to facilitate instructional planning and enhance students learning

39
Q

Summative evaluation

A

Conducted after instruction to assess students final achievement

40
Q

Reliability

A

Extent to which an assessment yields consistent information about the knowledge skills or characteristics being assessed

41
Q

Standardization

A

Extent to which an assessment involves similar content and format and is administered and scored similarly for everyone

42
Q

Validity

A

Extent to which an assessment actually measures what it is intended to measure and allows appropriate inferences about the characteristic or ability in question

43
Q

Content validity

A

Extent to which an assessment includes a representative sample of tasks Within the content domain being assessed

44
Q

Table of specifications

A

Two way grid indicating the topics to be covered in an assessment and the things students should be able to do with those topics

45
Q

Predictive validity

A

Extent to which the results of an assessment predict future performance in a particular domain

46
Q

Construct validity

A

Extent to which an assessment accurately measures an unobservable educational or psychological characteristic

47
Q

Practicality

A

Extent to which an assessment instrument or procedure is inexpensive and easy to use and takes only a small amount of time to administer and score

48
Q

Halo effect

A

Phenomenon in which people are more likely to perceive positive behaviors in someone they like or admire

49
Q

Horns effect

A

People are more likely to perceive negative behaviors in someone for whom they have little affection or respect

50
Q

Recognition task

A

Memory tasks in which one must identify correct information among incorrect statements or irrelevant information

51
Q

Recall task

A

One must retrieve information from long term memory with only minimal retrieval cues

52
Q

You should focus on ________ during the days and weeks before an assessment

A

Mastery goals

53
Q

Rubric

A

List of components that a students performance on an assessment should ideally include, used to guide scoring

54
Q

Dynamic assessment

A

Systematic examination of how readily and in what ways a student can acquire new knowledge or skills usually with adult assistance or some other form of scaffolding

55
Q

Checklist

A

Assessment tool with which a teacher evaluates a students performance by indicating whether specific behaviors or qualities are present or absent

56
Q

Rating scale

A

Assessment tool with which a teacher evaluates a students performance by rating the aspects of the performance on a continua

57
Q

Analytic scoring

A

Scoring a students performance on an assessment by evaluating various aspects of it separately

58
Q

Holistic scoring

A

Summarizing a students performance on an assessment with a single score

59
Q

Testwiseness

A

Test taking know how that enhances test performance

60
Q

Test anxiety

A

Excessive anxiety about a particular test or about assessment in general

61
Q

Item analysis

A

Follow up analysis of patterns in students responses to various items on an assessment instruments

62
Q

Item difficulty

A

Index reflecting the proportion of students getting a particular assessment item correct

63
Q

Item discrimination

A

Index reflecting the relative proportions of high scoring versus low scoring students getting a particular assessment item correct

64
Q

Raw score

A

Assessment score based solely on the number or point value of correctly answered items

65
Q

Criterion referenced score

A

Specifically indicates what a student knows or can do

66
Q

Norm referenced score

A

Indicates how a students performance compares with the performance of others

67
Q

Norms

A

In assessment, the data regarding the typical performance of various groups of students on standardized tests or other norm referenced measures of ability

68
Q

Grade equivalent score

A

Test score matching a particular students performance with the average performance of students at a certain grade level

69
Q

Age equivalent score

A

Test score matching a particular students performance with the average performance of students of a certain age

70
Q

Percentile rank

A

Test score indicating the percentage of peers in the norm group getting a raw score less than or equal to a particular students raw score

71
Q

Normal distribution

A

Theoretical pattern where most score in the middle range and only a few at either extreme

72
Q

Standard score

A

Test score indicating how far a students performance is from the mean in terms of standard deviation units

73
Q

Scholastic aptitude test

A

Test designed to assess a general capacity to learn and used to predict future academic achievement

74
Q

Specific aptitude test

A

Test designed to predict future ability to succeed in a particular content domain

75
Q

School readiness test

A

Assesses cognitive skills important for success in a typical kindergarten or first grade curriculum

76
Q

Adaptive testing

A

Computer based assessment in which students performance on early items determines which items are presented subsequently

77
Q

High stakes testing

A

Practice of using students performance on a single assessment to make major decisions about students school personnel or overall school quality

78
Q

Accountability

A

An obligation of teachers and other school personnel to accept responsibility for students performance on high stakes assessments often mandated by policy makers calling for school reform

79
Q

No child left behind act

A

Mandates regular assessment of basic skills to determine whether students are making adequate yearly progress in relation to state determined standards in reading math and science

80
Q

Bias in assssment

A

Factor that consistently influences students performance for reasons unrelated to the characteristic being measured and reduces validity of the performance

81
Q

Cultural bias

A

Extent to which assessment tasks either offend or unfairly penalize someone because of their ethnicity or gender or SES

82
Q

FERPA

A

Gives students and parents access to academic records while limiting others access to those records

Educational Psychology (5 decks)

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