Exam #4

Question 1

What is the action of Penicillin?

Answer 1

Penicillin interferes with the cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme that is necessary for cell devision and cellular synthesis

Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal

Question 2

What are Beta Lactum antibiotics?

Answer 2

Beta Lactamases can inactivate PCN and cephalosporins called: Penicillinases

Question 3

What is Penicillin G?

Answer 3

Given PO, IM, IV

IM is PAINFUL
PO 1/3 of dose is absorbed

Short duration of action

Question 4

What is Penicillin V?

Answer 4

Less potent than Penicillin G

PO 2/3 absorbed

Effective against mild to moderate infections

• anthrax
• biological weapons

Question 5

What are broad spectrum Penicillins?

Answer 5

Treat both gram + and gram - bacteria

Effective against:

• E. Coli
• Haemophilus influenza
• Shingles
• Proteus mirabilis
• salmonella

AMOXICILLIN and AMPICILLIN

Question 6

What are Penicillin resistant penicillins?

Answer 6

Use to Tx Penicillinase producing S. Aureus

Examples:

• Dicloxacillin (comes in PO form)
• Nafcillin
• Oxacillin

Question 7

What are extended spectrum penicillins?

Answer 7

Effective against:
- Gram Negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that are difficult to eradicate

Examples:

• Carbenicillin indanyl
• Piperacillin
• Ticarcillin clavulanate

Question 8

What are select urinary medications used for?

Answer 8

Urinary Analgesics: used for pain

Urinary stimulants: used for retention

Urinary antispasmodics: used for spasms

Question 9

What is Phenazopyridine (pyridium)?

Answer 9

Urinary analgesic
-relieves pain and burning due to UTI
-used short term only
Given PO, Can take concurrently with ABX

Tx symptoms NOT a cure

Side effects:

• reddish orange urine
• GI disturbances
• Hemolytic anemia
• nephrotoxicty
• hepatotoxicity
• HA and dizziness

Urinary analgesics also include Azo, an OTC med.

Question 10

What is Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)?

Answer 10

Urinary stimulants

Used for: retention problems and decreased or lost bladder function

• neurogenic bladder
• spinal cord injury
• Head injury

Direct acting parasympathomimetic: mimics acetylcholine

Action: increases bladder tone by increasing tone in the detruser muscle (produces strong contraction to cause urination)

Poorly absorbed, Give on EMPTY stomach
Given PO or SubQ

effective:
voids 30 minutes - 1.5 hrs after PO admin
Voids 15 minutes after SubQ

Side effects:

• increased peristalsis, gastric secretions, and abdominal cramps
• Bronchoconstriction
• Excessive salivation
• blurred vision
• cardiac dysrhythmias
• hypotension
• bradycardia
• dizziness

Question 11

What are contraindications of use for Bethanechol Chloride?

Answer 11

Contraindicated in: 
Intestinal or urinary obstruction
severe bradycardia
hypotension
COPD or asthma 
Peptic Ulcer disease 
Parkinsonism

Question 12

What is Oxybutynin (Ditropan)?

Answer 12

Antispasmotics

Used to Tx:
Spasms from infection or injury, has a direct action on smooth muscle. Also for urge incontinence (overactive bladder)

Blocks Parasympathetic nerve impulses

Given PO

Side effects:
Drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth

Contraindications:
Cardiac, renal, hepatic, prostate problems