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Drugs and Their Actions > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Alipogene Tiparvovec (Glybera)

A

Gene therapy cure
Carries a gene coding for lipoprotein lipase in an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV1)
Approved in EU, but not US

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2
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone that stimulates the formation of red blood cells
Signaling by the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in the erythroblast
EpoR activity stimulates development along the lineage of the RBC offshoot from the stem cell
MOA = activates JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway, STAT dimers activate transcription of key genes in the erythroblast lineage
Natural source is in the kidney

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3
Q

Epoetin Alpha (Procrit)

A

rDNA derived version of the human hormone erythropoietin
Used to treat certain types of anemia
FDA approved in 1989
IV only

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4
Q

Darbepoetin Alpha (Aranesp)

A

Biosimilar to epotein alpha

Sequence modified, highly glycosylated EPO with increased half life

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5
Q

Peginestaide (Omontys)

A

Biosimilar to epotein alpha

Chemically modified peptide that mimics Erythropoietin

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6
Q 
Epoetin beta (NeoRecormon)
      "       delta (Dynepo)
      "      omega (Epomax)
      "       zeta (Silapo)
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (Micera)
A

Biosimilar to Epoetin alpha

ONLY medically available OUTSIDE USA

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7
Q

Testosterone

A

Major ale hormone produced by the testis

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8
Q

Testosterone Enanthate and Cypionate

A 
Therapy for Hypogonadism
Administered intramuscularly 
Injected every 2 to 4 weeks
Increases plasma testosterone to physiologic concentrations in hypo gonadal men
Enanthate = male contraceptive
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9
Q

Testosterone Undecanoate

A

Can be administered intramuscularly or orally
Adheres to the buccal mucosa
Results in rapid systematic absorption
= male contraceptive

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10
Q

Dihydrotestosterone (DTH)

A

An endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone
Testosterone is catalyzed by 5-aplha reductase to form DTH
Much more potent that as an agonist of androgen receptor

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11
Q

GnRH Agonists

A

Suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
Continuous administration
Treat prostate cancer and some breast cancers

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12
Q

Finasteride (Proscar,Propecia)

A

Selective Inhibitor of type II 5-alpha-reductase
Topical = male pattern baldness
Oral = benign prostatic hyperplasia
One year treatment can reduce prostate size up to 25%
Adverse Effects = decreased libido and erectile dysfunction

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13
Q

Enzalutamide (Xtandi)
Flutamide
Bicalutamide (Casodex)

A

Androgen receptor antagonist
Competitively inhibit the binding of endogenous androgens to the androgen receptor
Only approved for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer
Used therapeutically in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

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14
Q

Abiraterone (Zytige)

A

CYP17 Enzyme Inhibition
- needed for synthesis of androgens including . testosterone
FDA approved for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer

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15
Q

Penicillins and Cephalosporins

A

Beta-lactams = family of antibiotics that all have a core of beta-lactam structure
Target an enzyme involved in cell wall synthesis

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16
Q

Augmenting (amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium)

A

Combination of a penicillin with a beta-lactamase inhibitor

17
Q

Ciprofloaxin

A

Fluoroquinolone
Target bacterial type II DNA isomerases which are enzymes that are involved in important twisting and unlinking of DNA during replication/transcription

18
Q

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

A

Macrolide
Target bacterial translation
Unique pharmacokinetic property

19
Q

Minocycline

A

Tetracycline
Targets material translation
Used to treat acne

20
Q

Bedaquiline (SIRTURO)

A

New drug for treating multi-drug resistant tuberculosis that targets mycobacterial ATP synthase

21
Q

5-fluorouracil (adrucil)

A

ANTI-METABOLITES
Blocks metabolism and therefore impact nucleic acid synthesis
Looks like thymine/uracil so blocks synthesis of DNA building blocks or gets incorporated into nucleic acid

22
Q

Paclitaxel (Taxol)

A

MICROTUBULE POISONS or MITOTIC INHIBITORS
Disrupt cytoskeleton and impact cell division
Causes microtubule stabilizations and chromosome missegregation

23
Q

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

A

GENOTOXINS
Damage DNA or interfere with certain enzymes important for DNA replication
Intercalates into DNA, inhibits DNA topoisomerase II, other mechanisms of action as well

24
Q

Imatinib (Gleevec)

A

KINASE INHIBITOR

inhibits the BCR-ABL kinase found in CML

25
Q

Trastuzumab (Herception)

A

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

Targets HER2 which can be involved in breast cancer formulation

26
Q

Tamoxifen (Nolvadax)

A

HORMONAL MODULATION

An estrogen receptor modulator

27
Q

Bevacizmab (Avastin)

A

Block blood supply

Blocks VEGF

28
Q

Nivolumab (Opdivo)

A

Modulate immune response against tumor Block “off” signals to T cells

29
Q

Zanamivir (Relenza)

A

Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Interfere with the release of the neuraminidase function that allows infection other cells
Clinical impact = needs to occur early
Active against A and B
Not orally bioavailable, must be inhaled (IV in clinical trials)

30
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A 
Neuraminidase inhibitor
Interfere wit the release of the neuraminidase function that allows infection of other cells
Clinical Impact = needs to occur early
Active against A and B
Orally bioavailable
31
Q

Permivir (Rapivab)

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor
IV
Single does, uncomplicated influenza 18 years or older
In trials = influenza A

32
Q

Favipiravir (T-750)

A

Targeting Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
Likely causes “lethal” mutations in viral RNA
Does not appear to influence cellular nucleic acid synthesis
Phase III trials for influenza A/B underway
It or similar compounds may be useful for targeting other RNA viruses — Ebola?

Drugs and Their Actions (2 decks)

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