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Biology of Disease II > Exam 4: Corticomedullary Diseases > Flashcards

Exam 4: Corticomedullary Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pattern of glomerular disease?

A

Dotty glomeruli
Proteinuria in dilute urine with quiet sediment is very suspicious of glomerular disease

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2
Q

What are the (5) nephrotoxins in dogs and cats that cause acute tubular necrosis?

A

Ethylene glycol
Grapes (dogs)
Lily (cats)
Bluegreen algae (w liver failure)
Amanita mushroom (w liver failure)

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3
Q

What are the nephrotoxins in large animals that cause acute tubular necrosis?

A

Oak (cattle)
Pigweed (pigs)
Vitamin D
Lead (cattle)

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4
Q

What 2 nephrotoxins present with concurrent liver and renal failure?

A

Bluegreen algae
Amanita mushroom

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5
Q

How does ethylene glycol toxicity present?

A

Streaking red/white pattern in cortex
PU/PD –> anuria
Metabolic acidosis, azotemia, isosthenuria
Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals

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6
Q

What crystal type is expected with ethylene glycol toxicosis?

A

Calcium oxalate monohydrate

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7
Q

What 2 pigments can cause pigment nephrosis?

A

Free hemoglobin (from severe hemolysis)
Free myoglobin (from severe rhabdomyolysis)

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8
Q

What are the top differentials for Hb pigment nephrosis?

A

Wilted red maple (horses)
Isoerythrolysis (horses)
Copper (sheep)

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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of red maple toxicosis in horses?

A

Causes severe Heinz body anemia and methemoglobinemia
Hypoxia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, and splenomegaly
Renal tubular damage and necrosis

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10
Q

What is the pathogenesis of neonatal isoerythrolysis?

A

First pregnancy: foal 1 inherits RBC antigen from sire that is foreign to mare, mare sensitized to RBC antigen during pregnancy, mare produced Abs against the RBC antigen
Second pregnancy: foal 2 has same foreign RBC antigen, mare Abs concentrated in colostrum, foal ingests colostrum, Abs coat foal RBC, type II hypersensitivity, hemolysis

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11
Q

What is the pathogenesis of copper toxicosis in small ruminants?

A

Excess Cu, low Molybdenum in diet leads to storage of excess Cu in liver
Cu causes oxidation of Hb in RBC
Intravascular Heinz body anemia
Hemoglobinuric acute tubular necrosis, hemoglobinuria

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12
Q

What are the main differentials for myoglobin pigment nephrosis?

A

Capture myopathy in wildlife
Exertional rhabdomyolysis
Compartment syndrome in large animals

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13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of capture/exertional myoapthy?

A

Prolonged sympathetic tone activation –> relative muscle hypoxia
Muscle exertion –> lactic acidosis
Mb release from damaged/dead myofibers
Cirulating Mb is toxic to renal tubular epithelium –> acute tubular necrosis –> acute renal failure

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14
Q

What class of medication causes papillary necrosis?

A

NSAID administration

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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis of renal papillary necrosis due to NSAID administration?

A

NSAIDs alter renal blood flow, cause ischemia of renal papilla

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16
Q

What is the important renal tubular pathogen that causes acute renal and hepatic failure in dogs?

A

Leptospirosis

17
Q

What viral pathogen can cause nephritis in cattle?

A

Malignant catarrhal fever
Ovine herpesvirus 2 or alcelaphine herpesvirus

18
Q

What is an important renal tubular parasitic pathogen of rabbits?

A

Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Microsporidian parasite

19
Q

What is the mutation that causes polycystic kidney disease? What breed of cat is predisposed to this disease? What breed of dog?

A

PKD1/2 genes
Cats: Persians
Dogs: Bull Terriers

20
Q

What disease process is shown?

A

Polycystic kidney disease

21
Q

What disease process is shown?

A

Polycystic kidney disease

22
Q

List some expected clinical signs and lab work features of a cat (or any animal) with chronic kidney disease

A

PU/PD, dehydration, low USPG (failure to concentrate)
Azotemia (failure to excrete BUN)
Acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia (failure to excrete acids, K, PO4)
Anemia, pale gums (decreased EPO)
Hypertension (RAAS activation)
Bad breath (uremic halitosis)
Lethargy, weakness, nausea, poor appetite, vomiting, weight loss, scruffy coat

23
Q

What disease process is shown?

A

CKD in a cat - mixed patterns
Infarct, glomerular, pelvic

24
Q

What disease process is shown?

A

CKD in a cat - mixed patterns

Biology of Disease II (29 decks)

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