Exam 4: Glomerular Disease

Question 1

What clinical pathology feature(s) is/are suspicious for glomerular disease/protein losing nephropathy?

Answer 1

Pinpoint cortical foci, red/tan, uniform in size

Question 2

What are causes of directly infectious glomerulonephritis?

Answer 2

More common in equine and livestock
Bacterial = Actinobacillus equuli (foals), E. coli, Erysipelothrix (pigs)
Viral = porcine circovirus 2 (pigs)

Question 3

What are causes of indirect noninfectious glomerulonephritis in dogs?

Answer 3

Ig-Ag, Type III hypersensitivity
IMHA, IMPA, chronic heartworm, infectious canine hepatitis (adeno), chronic pyoderma, chronic pyometra, chronic prostatitis

Question 4

What are causes of indirect noninfectious glomerulonephritis in cats?

Answer 4

Ig-Ag, Type III hypersensitivity
FIP, FIV, FeLV, autoimmune disease, any chronic inflammatory conditions

Question 5

What are causes of indirect noninfectious glomerulonephritis in cattle and pigs?

Answer 5

Ig-Ag, Type III hypersensitvity
Cattle: typanosomiasis, BVDV
Pigs: hog cholera (classical swine fever), african swine fever, streprococcal disease

Question 6

What are causes of indirect noninfectious glomerulonephritis in horses?

Answer 6

Ig-Ag, Type III hypersensitivity
Streptococcus (chronic abscesses), EIA

Question 7

What is the pathogenesis of noninfectious glomerulonephritis and Ig-Ag deposition?

Answer 7

Type III hypersensitivity –> Ig-Ag complexes –> deposit into tissues, particularly in filtration barrier of glomeruli

Question 8

What is caused by glomerular disease?

Answer 8

Proteinuria –> aka protein losing nephropathy (PLN)

Question 9

What is amyloid?

Answer 9

A protein deposit with beta-pleated sheet secondary structure (may form out of misfolded proteins or form when excess normal proteins aggregate)
Difficult to remove once deposited –> damage

Question 10

What are 2 common forms of renal amyloidosis in veterinary species? Which of these two forms is most common?

Answer 10

AA Amyloidosis - most common
AL Amyloidosis - rare in animals

Question 11

What are the causes/sources of AA amyloidosis?

Answer 11

Derived from serum amyloid A
Seen in chronic inflammatory conditions (immune-mediated diseases, chronic infections)

Question 12

What are the causes/sources of AL amyloidosis?

Answer 12

Derived from monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains
Seen in plasma cell neoplasia or proliferations

Question 13

Where in the kidney does amyloid typically deposit in canines?

Answer 13

Renal glomeruli

Question 14

Where in the kidney does amyloid typically deposit in felines? What breed is predisposed?

Answer 14

Renal medulla
Abyssinian predisposed

Question 15

What histologic stain do pathologists use to detect/confirm amyloid in tissues?

Answer 15

Congo red

Question 16

Define: Glomerulosclerosis

Answer 16

Hardening or scarring of glomerular architecture, usually by fibrosis
End-stage glomerular disease

Question 17

What is the virus that causes FIP?

Answer 17

Mutated feline enteric coronavirus

Question 18

What is a clinical pathology finding that may be present with FIP?

Answer 18

Elevated gamma globulins, viscous yellow fluid on abdominocentesis

Question 19

What disease caused this gross pathology?

Answer 19

FIP

Question 20

What disease caused this gross pathology?

Answer 20

FIP