Exam 4: Systemic Infections:

Question 1

Yersinia pestis etiological agent

Answer 1

Yersinia pestis

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 2

Yersinia pestis transmission

Answer 2

reservoir: small mammals
bite from a contaminated flea or animal
person to person: aerosols

Question 3

three forms of plague

Answer 3

bubonic plague
pneumonic plague
septicemic plague

Question 4

bubonic plague

Answer 4

transmission: flea bite
infects the lymphatic system
buboes: enlarge lymph node

Question 5

pneumonic plague

Answer 5

transmission: aerosols

infects the lungs

Question 6

septicemic plague

Answer 6

progression form bubonic or pneumonic
bacteria enters the bloodstream; endotoxic shock
disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 7

yersinia pestis

Answer 7

Characteristics: Gram negative bacillus
Disease: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemic plague= “Black Death”
Transmission: vector-borne: bite from a contaminated flea
Person-to-person: aerosols
Virulence factors: LOS (modified LPS); endotoxin
Lab diagnosis: bacterial culture

Question 8

zika

Answer 8

characteristics: RNA virus; emerging pathogen
signs and symptoms: fever, joint pain, conjunctivitis, rash
complications:
-vertical transmission: in fetus may cause microcephaly/brain defects
-Guillain-Barre syndrome: infection damages myelin sheath

Question 9

Zika risk for future pregnancies

Answer 9

wait 8 weeks for people with female anatomy

wait 6 months for male anatomy before conceiving

Question 10

zika virus

Answer 10

Characteristics: RNA virus
Diseases:
Zika
Congenital zika syndrome
Microcephaly
Guillain-barre syndrome
Transmission:
Vectorborne
Aedes aegypti mosquito
Bodily fluids
Vertical: transplacental
Lab diagnosis:
Serology
NAAT to detect viral RNA
Prevention:
Delay conception:
Female anatomy: 8 weeks post-infection/exposure
Male anatomy: 6 months post-infection/exposure

Question 11

Candida auris as an emerging pathogen

Answer 11

shows high levels of resistance to anti fungal drugs
difficult to identify
carrier status on skin
MALDI-TOF (mass spec)

Question 12

Candida auris

Answer 12

Characteristics: yeast (fungi)
Disease: fungemia, systemic candidiasis
Transmission: emerging pathogen, direct contact, opportunistic pathogen: higher risk for
Virulence factors: adhesins, biofilm formation, phospholipase, proteinase
Lab diagnosis: fungal culture, confirmation with MALDI-TOF

Question 13

malaria

Answer 13

Clinical manifestations:
Periodic attacks of chills and fever
Anemia
Spleen and liver hypertrophy
Diagnosis:
Microscopic exam of blood
Immunochromatography (ICA)

Question 14

Plasmodium species

Answer 14

Characteristics: protozoan; Apicomplexa
Diseases: malaria
Transmission: vector-borne, bite of Anopheles mosquito, vertical transmission occurs transplacentally
Lab diagnosis: screening: ICA, confirmation: identification of parasite in RBCs from peripheral blood smear