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BNC > Exam 4 Vocabulay > Flashcards

Exam 4 Vocabulay Flashcards

1
Q

Complete Blood Cell Count

A

The most common test ordered; measures the number of leukocytes (WBCs), erythrocytes (RBCs), and thrombocytes (PLTs).

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2
Q

Barium Enema

A

Rectal instillation of barium (a contrast medium) to provide for radiographic visualization of the large intestine, to see its shape and any abnormalities that might be present.

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3
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration

A

Under local anesthetic, a sample of marrow is removed from the sternum, tibia, or iliac crest by needle aspiration for evaluation of blood cell production.

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4
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram (Excretory Urogram)

A

An iodine-based contrast dye is injected intravenously. X-rays are taken for visualization of the kidney parenchyma, pelvis, calyces, ureters, and bladder.

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5
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

Insertion of a spinal needle between vertebral spinous processes into the lumbar section of arachnoid space to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample to culture for organisms and measure CSF pressure.

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6
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

A

Patient drinks concentrated glucose syrup to stimulate pancreatic production of insulin. Blood and urine samples are collected at five and six intervals over a 3- to 6-hour span to evaluate glucose levels.

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7
Q

Paracentesis

A

Under local anesthetic, a needle is inserted through the abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity to remove free fluid from within the cavity (ascites).

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8
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Under local anesthetic, a needle is inserted through the chest wall into the pleural space to remove excess fluid.

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9
Q

Differential

A

The breakdown of the total WBC into percentages of five types of white cells.

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10
Q

Left Shift

A

Bacterial infection.

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11
Q

Right Shift

A

Viral infection.

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12
Q

Complete Metabolic Panel (Basic Metabolic Panel)

A

Group of 14 separate tests that provide an overview of some of the functions f the liver, kidneys, and pancreas.

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13
Q

Glycosylated Hemoglobin

A

The measurement of the hemoglobin that has bound with glucose.

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14
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

Most accurate test for evaluating kidney function; measures the volume of urine, in milliliters, that is filtered by the kidney in 1 minute.

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15
Q

Chest X-ray (CXR)

A

Allows you to see the bony structures of the thorax; The heart’s position and size; The lungs and whether they are fully expanded or have collapsed lobes ( known as atelectasis), and whether they are clear or congested; Densities that may indicate malignant tumors or tuberculosis.

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16
Q

Flat Plate or KUB (kidneys, ureters, and bladder)

A

An x-ray of the abdomen that shows the structures and positions of the abdominal organs.

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17
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

A form of radiology that uses a magnetic scanner to detect the magnetic properties of atoms, usually hydrogen, while radiofrequency energy produces images of body tissues.

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18
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

An x-ray procedure that takes many x-ray images of body parts from different angles.

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19
Q

Arteriography (angiography) and Venography

A

Forms of radiology that require a contrast medium be instilled into designated arteries or into veins.

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20
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Ultrasound waves are used to produce images of organs and tissues that can be recorded and printed.

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21
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Ultrasonography of the heart.

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22
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

Mouth and throat are sprayed with a local anesthetic or mild sedation is administered, a flexible scope is inserted through the mouth, down the esophagus, through the stomach, and into the upper duodenum, allowing visualization of the lining of each.

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23
Q

Colonoscopy

A

The patient is sedated, a flexible endoscope is inserted via the rectum into the colon and terminal ileum, allowing the physician to visualize the lining for abnormalities such as polyps, ulceration, and tumors and to biopsy tissue as needed.

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24
Q

Electrocardiography (EKG or ECG)

A

Uses six electrodes applied to specific locations on the chest wall and four electrodes applied to the four extremities to graphically record the electrical activity through the heart’s electrical conduction pathway.

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25
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Electrodes are placed strategically on the scalp and record the electrical activity of the brain, known as brain waves.

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26
Q

Phlebotomy

A

The practice of drawing blood samples.

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27
Q

Lymphostasis

A

Lymph tissue that has been surgically removed, the lymph fluid does not move and remains static.

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28
Q

Anastomoses

A

Junctions where veins join other veins and arteries join other arteries, providing alternate routes for blood flow if one pathway should become obstructed.

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29
Q

Tourniquet

A

A rubber strap that can be snugly wrapped around the arm to occlude the venous return of blood toward the heart.

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30
Q

Evacuated Tube

A

A plastic or glass tube closed with a colored rubber stopper or a rubber stopper surrounded by a colored plastic top, from which a certain amount of air has been evacuated.

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31
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction of RBCs.

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32
Q

Hemoconcentration (hemolysis)

A

Leaving a tourniquet on too long can result in a concentration of RBCs in the blood sample due to a decrease in the volume of plasma allowed to flow.

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33
Q

Petechiae

A

The tourniquet is applied too tightly, it can result in pinpoint areas of hemorrhage.

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34
Q

Hematoma

A

Bruise.

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35
Q

Tortuous

A

Veins that have many twists and turns.

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36
Q

Sclerosed

A

Veins that feel hard and ropey.

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37
Q

Septicemia

A

An infection in the patients blood.

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38
Q

Blood Culture

A

Blood specimens drawn to determine if organisms are present in the blood.

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39
Q

Anaerobic

A

Organisms that can live and replicate without oxygen.

40
Q

Aerobic

A

Organisms that can live and replicate in the presence of oxygen.

41
Q

Defecation

A

The process of bowel elimination.

42
Q

Flatus

A

The bacteria interact with chyme, which produces a gas.

43
Q

Distention

A

Stretching out of the intestinal walls and making them appear inflated, stimulates the walls stretch receptors and sends impulses to the central nervous system, which in turn signals the muscular walls of the sigmoid colon and rectum to contract.

44
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Stool containing an abnormally high amount of undigested fat.

45
Q

Occult Blood

A

Hidden or not visible blood in stool.

46
Q

Guaiac Test

A

Used to determine the presence of occult blood.

47
Q

Melena

A

A distinctive old blood odor and a black, tarry appearance.

48
Q

Constipation

A

Less frequent, hard, formed stools that are difficult to expel.

49
Q

Impaction

A

The blockage of the movement of contents through the intestines by a bulk mass of very hard stool.

50
Q

Diarrhea

A

Loose or watery stools occurring three or more times a day.

51
Q

Tenesmus

A

Increased rectal pressure and a feeling of the need to defecate.

52
Q

Fecal Incontinence

A

Loss of voluntary control of rectal sphincters.

53
Q

Kayexalate Enema

A

Instilled and retained for a time, allowing potassium to be pulled from the bloodstream and absorbed into the medication.

54
Q

Siphon Enema

A

Allows flatus to siphon back through the same tube and be expelled into the enema container in the form of gas bubbles.

55
Q

Stoma

A

A new opening, when the diversion is brought to the outside of the body through the abdominal wall.

56
Q

Ileostomy

A

If a part of the small intestine, such as the ileum, is used.

57
Q

Colostomy

A

If a part of the large intestine, or colon, is used.

58
Q

Void

A

Urinate.

59
Q

Hematuria

A

When blood is present in the urine–either visible or microscopic blood.

60
Q

Oliguria

A

Urinary output of less than 30 mL/hr; can be caused by decreased fluid intake, dehydration, illness, urinary obstruction, or renal failure.

61
Q

Polyuria

A

Increased urinary output greater than 3,000 mL/day; can be caused by excessive fluid intake or by the consumption of alcohol, which affects the kidney’s ability to reabsorb water.

62
Q

Anuria

A

The absence of urine or minimal urine production.

63
Q

Dialysis

A

The process of using a machine to filter waste products and salts, and to remove excess fluid from the blood.

64
Q

Specific Gravity

A

The result of comparing the weight of a substance with an equal amount of water.

65
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination.

66
Q

Renal Calculi

A

Kidney stones; can occur anywhere in the renal system from the kidneys to the urethra.

67
Q

Urinary Retention

A

The inability to empty the bladder at all or the inability to completely empty the bladder.

68
Q

Residual Urine

A

Urine that remains in the bladder after the patient voids.

69
Q

Nocturia

A

The condition when a person wakes often during the night to urinate.

70
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

The inability to control the passing of urine.

71
Q

Stress Incontinence

A

Occurs with increased abdominal pressure, which causes urine to leak out of the bladder.

72
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

Overactive bladder; the inability to keep urine in the bladder long enough to get to the restroom.

73
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

Reflect kidney function; 10 to 20 mg/dL in adults.

74
Q

Indwelling Catheter

A

Double-lumen catheter or foley catheter; inserted to empty the bladder.

75
Q

Straight Catheter

A

Single-lumen catheter; inserted to empty the bladder.

76
Q

Urinary Diversion

A

The urine is eliminated by an alternative route rather than traveling through the bladder.

77
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A

Caused by the presence of pathogens within the urinary tract.

78
Q

Inhalation

A

Inspiration; causes a sort of vacuum; air is pulled into the lungs until the pressure in the lungs equals the pressure outside of the body.

79
Q

Exhalation

A

Expiration; the ribs come inward, the diaphragm rises upward, and the lungs are then compressed, forcing the air to go out.

80
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

The portion of the pleura that lines the chest cavity.

81
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

The portion of the pleura that covers the lungs.

82
Q

Hypoxemia

A

When oxygen levels in the blood drop below norma range.

83
Q

Hypoxia

A

In the event of hypoxemia, the blood cannot take adequate amounts of oxygen to the tissues during internal respiration.

84
Q

Cyanosis

A

When oxygen levels in the tissues decrease, the lips take on a bluish color.

85
Q

Dyspnea

A

When the patient is having difficulty moving air in and out of the lungs.

86
Q

Sputum

A

Mucus from the lungs.

87
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Fluid in the chest cavity.

88
Q

Pneumothorax

A

When a hole allows air to enter the pleural space, also termed the pleural cavity, where there is supposed to be negative pressure.

89
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

a life threatening type of pneumothorax; air is trapped in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs, which not only compresses and collapses the lungs but also causes pressure on the heart and major blood vessels, causing them to shift within the thorax.

90
Q

Crepitus

A

Air in the subcutaneous tissues.

91
Q

Incentive Spirometer

A

A device with one or more chambers and a mouthpiece.

92
Q

Nebulizer

A

A medication delivery system containing an air compressor and a mask or handheld mouthpiece.

93
Q

Endotracheal Tube

A

A firm but flexible plastic tube that may be inserted through the nose or the mouth.

94
Q

Tracheostomy

A

An incision into the trachea that is held open with a tube to promote breathing, may be performed for several reasons.

95
Q

Hemothorax

A

When blood and drainage are present in the pleural space, they pool in the lower portion of the cavity.

BNC (1 decks)

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