Exam 6 Old Flashcards
A new organism has been discovered, and its ETC is being studied. It has four complexes, and they use the same carriers in the same order as you have learned in class. The only difference is hat they carry different numbers of proton into the inter membrane space as shown in the image. Assuming that the cost in protons for ATP is the Sam as you have learned in class, how man ATP can be made from oxidation of FADH2 in this organism?
11/4 = 2.75
When the fish poison antimycin A is added to a suspension of actively respiring mitochondria, we observe an increase in ratio of QH2:Q and a decrease in the ratio of cytochrome c red: cytochrome c ox. Which complex is inhibited by this compound
Complex III
WHich three of the following conditions would make ATP synthesis less spontaneous
1. [H+] greater in interembrane space and lower in matrix
2. [H+] lower in intermembrane space and greater in the matrix
3.PH greater in inner membrane space and lower in matrix
4.PH lower in the intermembrane space and greater in the matrix
5.(+) charge greater in the intermembrane space and lower in the matrix
6.(+) charge lower in the intermembrane space and greater in the matrix
2, 3, 6
Compared to wild type ATP synthase, and ATP synthase enzyme with FEWER “c” subunits in the rotor would require
Fewer protons to make a 360 degree rotation and yield form ATP per proton transported
If mitochondria are treated with an inhibitor of complex III of the ETC and then treated with an uncoupler
Oxygen use would cease but ATP synthesis would resume
Which of these statements regarding proteoglycans is FALSE
Proteoglycans contain modified sugars, and those modifications male them polar overall
Proteoglycans contain unbranded sugars
All of these are true
Proteoglycans form a major part of the extra cellular matrix
Proteoglycans are a major part of cartilage
All of these are true
Pick all statements that are true of gram + bacteria
Thick petidoglycan layer
Thin peptidoglycan layer
Outer membrane
More likely to be resistant to antibiotics
Retains the crystal violet (gram) stain
1, 5
Think of th antigens and antibodies that make up a persons red blood cell group. A person with type O blood can accept ___ type red blood cells
Only O
Regarding the Penrose phosphate pathway (PPP), if ATP is needed
Ribulose-5-phosphate will be converted into glucose-6-phosphate which will then renter glycolysis
How would individuals with increased levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity be expected to respond to oxidative stress and why?
These individuals would be less susceptible to oxidative stress because their NADPH levels would be higher than normal
For the gluconeogenisis reaction below, the reactant in the left hand box is __, the product in the right hand box is ___ and __ is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction
Water, Pi, glucose-6-phosphate
Answer the following prompts about glucagon
Does this hormone exter its effects via phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of target proteins?
What is the effect of this hormone on the activity of glycogen phosphorlyase? What is the effect of this hormone on the activity of glycogen synthesis?
-what is the net effect of this hormone on glycogen degregation? What is the net effect of this hormone on glycogen synthesis
What is the net effect of this hormone on blood glucose levels
Phosphorylation
Increases activity of glycogen phosphorylase, decrease activity of glycogen synthase
Increase glycogen degradation, decreased glycogen synthesis
Increase blood glucose levels
Answer the following prompts about insulin
Does this hormone exter its effects via phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of target proteins?
What is the effect of this hormone on the activity of glycogen phosphorlyase? What is the effect of this hormone on the activity of glycogen synthesis?
-what is the net effect of this hormone on glycogen degregation? What is the net effect of this hormone on glycogen synthesis
What is the net effect of this hormone on blood glucose levels
Dephosphorylatiion
Decreases activity of glycogen phosphoylase, increases activity of glycogen synthase
Decrease glycogen degregation, increases glycogen synthesis
Decreases blood glucose levels
