Exam Definitions

Question 1

Joint Venture

Answer 1

A business arrangement in which 2 or more parties agree to pool their resources for the purpose of accomplishing a specific task. This task can be a new project or a new business activity. E.g Warner Bros.

Question 2

Commercial Venture

Answer 2

The activity of providing goods and services for financial gain. E.g Disney

Question 3

Cross media ownership

Answer 3

It is the ownership of multiple media businesses by a person or cooperation. These businesses can include T.V, film, radio, newspaper, magazine and books.

Question 4

Synergy

Answer 4

Media synergy is the way in which different elements of a media conglomerate work together to promote linked products. E.g. Frozen and Pokemon.

Question 5

Vertical Integration

Answer 5

Vertical Integration is the combination in one firm of 2 or more stages of production normally operated by separated firms.

Question 6

Horizontal Integration

Answer 6

Horizontal Integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain.

Question 7

Production Process

Answer 7

Production Process refers to the stages required to complete a media product from the idea to the final master copy. The process can apply to any type of media production film, video, T.V and audio recording.

Question 8

Above the line advertising

Answer 8

Above the line advertising is where mass media is used to promote brands and reach customers. E.g. Film posters and chat show programmes.

Question 9

Below the line advertising

Answer 9

Below the line advertising is a more one-one type of advertising and is used to promote on free platforms. E.g. YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Tik Tok.

Question 10

Niche audience

Answer 10

The audience of a special interest usually in small numbers. E.g. Fishing magazines.

Question 11

Public Service Broadcaster

Answer 11

Public Service Broadcaster is a company that delivers services beneficial to the public interest. This type of company will offer products to the audience that go beyond the purpose. E.g. BBC.

Question 12

Conglomerate

Answer 12

It is one overall parent company owns a number of smaller companies called subsidiaries. Each subsidiary business runs independently but supports the wider goals and objectives at the parent company. E.g. Disney owning other companies like PIXAR, Marvel and ESPN.

Question 13

Independent Companies

Answer 13

Independent companies are companies that are free from the control of a conglomerate. They usually produce one type of media product or service. E.g. Aardman Animation (Wallace and Gromit).

Question 14

Marketing

Answer 14

Marketing is the action or business by promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising.

Question 15

Black Box

Answer 15

Black Box is one device, such as a smartphone that supplies us with all of our information communications technology (ICT) and media requirements.

Question 16

Streaming

Answer 16

Streaming is a way that a piece of music or audio-visual content is watched by a user online without it being downloaded. E.g. YouTube and Netflix.

Question 17

Simulcasting

Answer 17

Simulcasting is when a media product is broadcasted both online and via a traditional medium at the same time. E.g. The Grand Prix shown on channel 4.

Question 18

Technological Convergence

Answer 18

Technological Convergence is the coming together of information and communication technologies in order to create new ways of producing and distributing products and services to media audiences.

Question 19

Passing Off

Answer 19

Passing Off is making a false representation, which is likely to convince a person to believe that the goods or services provided are those of another.

Question 20

Genre

Answer 20

Genre is a way of categorising a text through style and form in T.V and films. E.g. Horror, comedy, thriller, action and sci-fi

Question 21

Steve Neale-Genre theory

Answer 21

Steve Neale believes that the genre of a film is made up of 2 things: How much the film keeps up to the generic expectations and How much the film brings down the generic expectations and enough to be unique.

Question 22

Deborah Knight-Genre theory

Answer 22

Deborah Knight believes satisfaction is guaranteed with genre; the deferral of the inevitable provides the additional pleasure of prolonged anticipation.

Question 23

Vladimir Popp-Narrative Theory

Answer 23

Vladimir Popp believes of a 7 character theory where each story/narrative contains 7 character, which are; Hero, Villain, Princess, Princess’s Father, Dispatcher, Donna and False Hero.

Question 24

Vladimir Popp-Narrative Theory

Answer 24

Vladimir Popp believes 7 character theory. Each story/narrative contains 7 each characters. These are Heroes, Villains, Princess, Princess’s Father, Dispatcher, Donna, False Hero.

Question 25

Roland Barthes-Narrative Theory

Answer 25

Roland Barthes-Enigma codes-A question that is not immediately answered and this draws an audience into text.

Question 26

Representations

Answer 26

This is when you depict and portray a certain something in a way from a first impression.

Question 27

Laura Mulvey-Representation Theory

Answer 27

Laura Mulvey believes that women only appear in films, T.V or adverts for men to look at for pleasure and vice verser.

Question 28

Moral Panic

Answer 28

Moral Panic is the concern that discussion of media can create panic about the negative impact media has upon teenagers.