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Philosophy QTR1 > Exam Flashcards Q1 > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards Q1

1
Q

comes from the Greek (philo sophia), which literally means “love of wisdom”

A

PHILOSOPHY

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2
Q

it works by asking very basic questions about the nature of human thought, the nature of the universe, and the connections between them

A

PHILOSOPHY

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3
Q

a way of thinking about the world, the universe and society

A

PHILOSOPHY

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4
Q

SIX BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

A

EPISTEMOLOGY
LOGIC
METAPHYSICS
ETHICS
AESTHETICS
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

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5
Q

the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge

A

EPISTEMOLOGY

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6
Q

EPISTEMOLOGY addresses four main questions:

A
  1. What is knowledge
  2. How is knowledge acquired
  3. What do people know?
  4. How do we know what we know?
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7
Q

is the study of reasoning

A

LOGIC

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8
Q

two types of reasoning in LOGIC

A

INDUCTIVE REASONING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING

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9
Q

drawing general conclusions from specific examples

A

INDUCTIVE REASONING

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10
Q

drawing logical conclusions from definitions and axioms

A

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

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11
Q

deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space

A

METAPHYSICS

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12
Q

two types of METAPHYSICS

A

COSMOLOGY
ONTOLOGY

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13
Q

seeks to understand the origin, evolution, structure, and ultimate fate of the universe at large, as well as the natural laws that keep it in order

A

COSMOLOGY

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14
Q

is the investigation into what types of things there are in the world and what relations these things bear to one another

A

ONTOLOGY

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15
Q

also known as moral philosophy

A

ETHICS

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16
Q

seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts like good and bad, right and wrong, justice, virtue, etc.

A

ETHICS

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17
Q

is the branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, taste, and the creation and appreciation of beauty

A

AESTHETICS

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18
Q

it is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called judgements of sentiment and taste

A

AESTHETICS

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19
Q

is the study of concepts such as liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legal code by authority

A

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

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20
Q

investigation is systematic

A

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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21
Q

organized body of knowledge

A

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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22
Q

philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or observe the world and people

A

NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON

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23
Q

philoshopy is not one-dimensional or partial

A

STUDY OF ALL THINGS

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24
Q

philosophy is multidimensional or holistic

A

STUDY OF ALL THINGS

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25
Q

pushing ourselves not to be affected by our personal biases and stereotypes so we can make an objective and fair assessment of things

A

EMPTYING

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26
Q

An extension of the fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real.

A

METAPHYSICS

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27
Q

the concept of thought, idea, existence, reality, being, and other abstract ideas of life are understood and analyzed

A

METAPHYSICS

28
Q

Assumes that the reality we see with our eyes is just a temporary cover of the true reality that exists beyond what our sense could perceive

A

METAPHYSICS

29
Q

A Greek Philosopher, he claimed that everything is water- which we call “reality”. Everything else is “appearance”.

A

THALES

30
Q

He drew the sharpest possible contrast and division between reality and appearance.

A

PLATO

31
Q

branch of Philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions.

A

ETHICS

32
Q

It insists that obedience to moral law be given a rational foundation.

A

ETHICS

33
Q

FIVE MAIN FRAMEWORKS

A
  1. DIVINE COMMAND
  2. CONSEQUENTIALISM or UTILITARIANISM
  3. DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS
  4. VIRTUE ETHICS
  5. RELATIVISM
34
Q

Raised the “problem of the Negro”

A

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (W.E.B. Du Bois)

35
Q

He put his ideas into political action and helped organized various initiatives for the advancement of the colored people

A

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (W.E.B. Du Bois)

36
Q

Deals with the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge (Soccio, 2007)

A

EPISTEMOLOGY

37
Q

It comes from the Greek word logike and was coined by Zeno the Stoic (c.340-265 BC)

A

LOGIC

38
Q

is the study of the principles of correct reasoning

A

LOGIC

39
Q

Is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations

A

AESTHETICS

40
Q

comes from the word, abundare, meaning, “to overflow nonstop” (Aguilar, 2010)

A

ABUNDANCE

41
Q

truth is based on the person’s consciousness

A

PHENOMENOLOGY

42
Q

truth is based on exercising choices and personal freedom

A

EXISTENTIALISM

43
Q

it is accepted that truth is not absolute; and in logic, truth is based on reasoning and critical thinking

A

POSTMODERNISM

44
Q

founded phenomenology, which is essentially a philosophical method

A

EDMUND HUSSERI

45
Q

focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances defined as any objects of conscious experience, that is, that which we are conscious of (Johnston, 2006)

A

PHENOMENOLOGY

46
Q

studied reality and the structures of consciousness known as phenomenology

A

O’Hear (1999)

47
Q

METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING

A

PHENOMENOLOGY
EXISTENTIALISM
POSTMODERNISM
LOGIC

48
Q

is a centuries-old philosophy; it embraces personal freedom and choice. It purports that humans choose their own existence and meaning

A

EXISTENTIALISM

49
Q

is thought to be one of the first philosophers of existential theory

A

Søren Kierkegaard

50
Q

is often thought to be anti religious

A

EXISTENTIALISM

51
Q

is centered on the analysis and construction of arguments

A

LOGIC

52
Q

serve as paths to freedom from half-truths and deceptions

A

LOGIC/ CRITICAL THINKING

53
Q

is distinguishing facts (objective) and opinions or personal feelings (subjective)

A

CRITICAL THINKING

54
Q

is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or “wrong moves,” in the construction of an argument

A

FALLACIES

55
Q

The term was in the Western intellectual tradition introduced in the Aristotelian De Sophisticis Elenchis

A

FALLACIES

56
Q

is a defect in an argument other than its having false premises

A

FALLACIES

57
Q

tries to win support for an argument by exploiting his/her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt

A

Appeal to Pity - Argumentatum ad Misercordiam

58
Q

whatever has been not proven false must be true, vice versa

A

Appeal to Ignorance - Argumentatum ad Ignorantiam

59
Q

calling two different things by the same name

A

Equivocation - Aequivocus

60
Q

something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole

A

COMPOSITION

61
Q

the reverse of this fallacy is division

A

COMPOSITION

62
Q

one reasons logically that something true of a thing must be true of all or some of its parts

A

DIVISION

63
Q

this fallacy attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of the person advocating the premise

A

Against the Person - Ad Hominem

64
Q

an argument where force, coercion, or the threat of force, is given as a justification for a conclusion

A

APPEAL TO FORCE

65
Q

ok ka pa?

A

hinde

Philosophy QTR1 (7 decks)

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