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Anatomical Kinesiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Rhomboids Major and Minor - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: C7-T1 (minor) T2-T5 (Major)

Insertion: Medial border of scapula from the base of the spine to inferior angle

Actions: Elevation, retraction, and downward rotation

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2
Q

Levator Scapulae - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: Medial Border of scapula from base of spine to superior angle

Actions: Elevation and downward rotation

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3
Q

Trapezius - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: External occipital protuberance (upper), dorsal spines of C7-T4 (mid), dorsal spines of T4-T12 (lower)

Insertion: Dorsal lateral 1/3 of clavicle (upper), Acromion process & spine of scapula (mid), spine of scapula (lower)

Actions:
- elevation and upward rotation (upper)
- adduction, elevation, upward rotation (mid)
- adduction, depression, upward rotation (lower)

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4
Q

Serratus Anterior - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: outer surface of the upper 9 ribs

Insertion: anterior surface of medial border

Actions: protraction and upward rotation

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5
Q

Pectoralis Minor - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: outer surface of ribs 1-3

Insertion: Coracoid process

Actions: depression, abduction, downward rotation

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6
Q

Subclavius - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Superior aspect of first rib at its junction with costal cartilage

Insertion: Inferior groove in the mid-portion of the clavicle

Actions: depression - also can stabilize SC Joint

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7
Q

Which muscles cause elevation of the scapula?

A

Levator scapulae, Trapezius (upper and mid), Rhomboids

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8
Q

Which muscles cause depression of the scapula?

A

Lower trapezius, pectoralis minor, subclavius

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9
Q

Which muscles cause upward rotation of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior, trapezius (upper, mid, and lower)

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10
Q

Which muscles cause downward rotation of the scapula?

A

Rhomboids major and minor, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor

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11
Q

Which muscles cause protraction (abduction) of the scapula?

A

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

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12
Q

Which muscles cause retraction (adduction) of the scapula?

A

Rhomboid major and minor, Trapezius (mid and lower)

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13
Q

What are the three joints of the shoulder girdle?

A

Acromioclavicular (AC), sternoclavicular (SC), and scapulothoracic (ST)

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14
Q

Anterior Deltoids - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Anterior Distal 1/3 of the clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Actions: Flexion, Internal rotation, Horizontal adduction

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15
Q

Middle Deltoids - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Acromion process

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Actions: Abduction

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16
Q

Posterior Deltoids - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Spine of the scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Actions: Extension, External rotation, Horizontal abduction

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17
Q

Coracobrachialis - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: Anterior medial aspect of the humerus

Actions: Adduction, Flexion, Horizontal adduction

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18
Q

Supraspinatus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: supraspinatus fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle

Actions: abduction

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19
Q

Infraspinatus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: infraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Dorsal surface of the greater tubercle

Actions: external rotation

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20
Q

Teres Minor - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: lower lateral border of the scapula

Insertion: Posterior surface of the greater tubercle

Actions: External rotation

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21
Q

Subscapularis - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle

Actions: Internal rotation

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22
Q

Teres Major - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Dorsal surface inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of the bicipital groove

Actions: Adduction, Extention, Inward Rotation

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23
Q

What muscle is the lats little helper?

A

teres major

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24
Q

Latissimus Dorsi - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Spinous process of T6-L5, crest of sacrum, iliac crest, and lower 3 ribs

Insertion: Medial lip of the bicipital groove

Actions: Adduction, Extension, Internal rotation

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25
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: proximal anterior 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1-6

Insertion: lateral lip of the bicipital groove

Actions: Internal rotation, Horizontal adduction, Adduction

clavicular portion flexes and abducts past 90 and sternal helps with extension

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26
Q

Which muscles are flexors of the shoulder joint?

A

pectoralis major (clavicular), Anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii (short head)

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27
Q

Which muscles extend the shoulder joint?

A

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Posterior delts, pectoralis major (sternal), triceps brachii (long head)

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28
Q

Which muscles abduct the shoulder joint?

A

Supraspinatus, Lateral delts, biceps brachii (long head), sternal portion of pec major past 90

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29
Q

Which muscles adduct the shoulder joint?

A

coracobrachialis, lats, teres major, prectoralis major, Bicpes brachii (short head), ticeps brachii (long head)

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30
Q

Which muscles externally rotate the shoulder joint?

A

posterior delts, infraspinatus, teres minor

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31
Q

Which muscles internally rotate the shoulder joint?

A

pec major, anterior delts, subscapularis, lats, teres major

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32
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

ball and socket

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33
Q

How many axis’ can the shoulder joint move in?

A

3 - triaxial

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34
Q

Which muscles are part of the rotator cuff?

A

SITS (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)

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35
Q

Biceps Brachii (short head) - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Actions: flexion, adduction

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36
Q

Biceps Brachii (long head) - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: supragelnoid tubercle

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Actions: flexion, abduction

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37
Q

Brachialis - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Anterior distal 1/2 of the humerus

Insertion: coronoid process

Action: flexion

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38
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion: radial styloid process

Action: flexion, supination and pronation (partial)

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39
Q

Does the biceps brachii supinate?

A

Yes, together they do - not separately

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40
Q

Triceps brachii (long head) - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: head of the infraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: Olecranon process

Actions: extension of shoulder and elbow, adduction of humerus

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41
Q

Triceps Brachii (lateral head) - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: proximal lateral surface of humerus

Insertions: olecranon process

Actions: extension of elbow

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42
Q

Triceps Brachii (medial head) - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: distal medial surface of the humerus

Insertion: olecranon process

Actions: extension of elbow

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43
Q

Anconeus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: posterior surface of lat condyle

Insertion: olecranon process

Actions: extension of elbow

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44
Q

Pronator Teres - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle and the coronoid process

Insertion: proximal anterior lateral aspects of the radius

Action: flexion of the elbow, pronation

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45
Q

Pronator Quadratus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Anterior distal 1/4 of ulna

Insertion: Anterior distal 1/4 of radius

Actions: pronation

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46
Q

Supinator - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: lateral surface of radius

Actions: supination

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47
Q

Which muscles cause flexion at the elbow joint?

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis

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48
Q

Which muscles cause extension at the elbow joint?

A

Triceps brachii, anconeous, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulanris

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49
Q

Which muscles cause supination of the radioulnar joint?

A

Biceps brachii, supinator, brachioradialis

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50
Q

Which muscles cause pronation of the radioulnar joint?

A

Pronator teres, pronator quadratus, bradioradialis

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51
Q

What position is the brachioradialis most beneficial?

A

In a neutral grip position

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52
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar joint?

A

pivot joint

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53
Q

From the elbow joint if a muscle insert on the ulna it will only….

A

Flex and extend

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54
Q

From the elbow joint if a muscle inserts on the radius think….

A

pronation and supination

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55
Q

When will a muscle generate the most power?

A

When it is longer

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56
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: medial epicondyle

Insertion: Anterior surface, base of metacarpals 2 and 3

Actions: Flexion of the wrist and elbow, radial deviation

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57
Q

Palmaris Longus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: medial epicondyle

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis

Actions: Flexor of the wrist and elbow

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58
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: medial epicondyle, proximal 2/3 posterior border of the ulna

Insertion: Anterior surface, base of the 5th metacarpal, pisiform, and hamate

Actions: Elbow and wrist flexor, ulnar deviation

59
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle, mid posterior ulna

Insertion: dorsal surface base of metacarpal 5

Actions: Extension of wrist and elbow, ulnar deviation

60
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Dorsal surface of metacarpal 3

Actions: Extension of elbow and wrist, radial deviation

61
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge, lat epicondyle

Insertion: Dorsal surface, base of metacarpal 2

Actions: Extension of the wrist and elbow, radial deviation

62
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process, anterior 2/3 of the radius

Insertion: sides of the middle phalanges on digits 2-5

Actions: Flexor of the elbow, wrist, and mid and prox. phalanges 2-5

63
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: proximal 3/4 anterior medial of the ulna

Insertion: Anterior surface, base of the distal phalanges, digits 2-5

Actions: Flexor of the wrist, and mid/distal phalanges 2-5

64
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Anterior middle 1/3 of the radius and distal to coronoid process of the ulna

Insertion: Anterior surface, base or the distal phalanx of digit #1

Actions: Flexor of the wrist and digit 1, radial deviation

65
Q

Extensor Digitorum - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Dorsal surface bases of the middle and distal phalanges digits 2-5

Actions: Extension of the wrist, elbow, and digits 2-5 (all joints)

66
Q

Extensor Indicis - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: dorsal mid to distal 1/3 of ulna

Insertion: Dorsal surface base of middle and distal phalanx digit 2

Actions: Extension of digit 2 ( all joints) and wrist

67
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Dorsal surface base of middle and distal phalanx of digit 5

Actions: Extension of elbow, wrist, and digit 5, ulnar deviation

68
Q

Extensor pollicis longus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

origin: Dorsal middle of the ulna

Insertion: Dorsal surface base of distal phalanx digit 1

Acitons: extension of the wrist and digit 1, radial deviation

69
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: Dorsal surface of lower middle radius

Insertion: dorsal surface base of proximal phalanx digit 1

Actions: Extension of the wrist and digit 1, radial deviation

70
Q

Abductor pollicis longus - Origin, insertion, and actions

A

Origin: dorsal middle 1/3 of the ulna and the radius

Insertion: dorsal surface base of the metacarpal 1

Actions: abduction of thumb, radial deviation

71
Q

Which muscles cause flexion of the wrist joint?

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, palmaris longus

72
Q

Which mucles cause extension of the wrist joint?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radials brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

73
Q

Which muscles cause abduction (radial deviation) of the hand?

A

Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, flexor pollicis longus

74
Q

Which muscles cause adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi

75
Q

Which muscle cause flexion of the MCP joint?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus

76
Q

Which muscles cause flexion at the PIP joint digits 2-5?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

77
Q

Which muscles cause Extension of the MCP joint?

A

extensor digitorum

78
Q

Which muscles cause Flexion of the DIP joints digits 2-5?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

79
Q

What type of joint is the MCP Joint?

A

condyloid joints

80
Q

What type of joint in the CMC joint?

A

gliding joints

81
Q

What type of joint is the PIP and DIP joints?

A

hinge joints

82
Q

What type of joint is the MCP on digit #1?

A

Saddle joint

83
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament resist?

A

Extension

84
Q

What does the pubofemoral joint resist?

A

Abduction, external rotation, and extension

85
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament resist?

A

Internal rotation

86
Q

During anterior tilt which way in the pubis symphysis moving?

A

Posteriorly

87
Q

During posterior tilt which way is the ASIS moving?

A

Posteriorly

88
Q

When the right foot is being used for support and the left foot is off the ground is the left side of the pelvis in pelvic hike or drop?

A

pelvic drop - always refers to the unsupported side

89
Q

Iliopsoa (Psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)

A

Origin: transvers and bodies of L1-L5, iliac fossa

Insertion: lesser trochanter

Actions:n Flex lumbar and hip, external rotation - can also help with anterior tilt

90
Q

Sartorious

A

Origin: anterior, superior iliac spine

Insertion: proximal anterior medial aspect of the tibia

Actions: flex hip and knee, external rotationof hip, internal rotation of knee

91
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Origin:
- Long head: AIIS
- Short head: head superior border of the acetabulum

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the superior border of the patella

Action: Flex hip, extend knee

92
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: superior ramus of the pubis

Insertion: Pectineal line (lesser trochanter to the linea aspera)

Action: flex hip, adduction, external rotation

in extreme positions can help extend

93
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Origin: anterior surface, below crest of the pubis

Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera

Action: adduction, flexion, external rotation

94
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis

Insertion: upper 1/2 of the linea aspera

Actions: adduction, flexion, external rotation

95
Q

Adductor Magnus (anterior fibers or horizontal fibers)

A

Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis

Insertion: upper medial lip of linea aspera

Actions: adduction, external rotation, flex hip

96
Q

Adductor Magnus (posterior fibers or vertical fibers)

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: lower linear aspera, medial suprachondylar ridge, adductor tubercle

Actions: adduction, external rotation, extend hip

97
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Descending ramus of pubis

Insertion: proximal anteromedial surface of the tibia

Actions: adduction and internal rotation of the hip, flexion and internal rotation of the knee

98
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: iliotibial facia (IT band) of the thigh 1/4 of the way down

Actions: abduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the hip

99
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin: upper dorsal surface of the ilium

Insertion: lateral surfaces of the greater trochanter

Actions: abduction, anterior fibers IR, posterior fibers ER

100
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Origin: lower dorsal surface of the ilium

Insertion: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter

Actions: abduction, anterior fibers IR, posterior fibers ER

101
Q

How can you stretch the 6 deep lateral rotator muscles?

A

leg flexed and externally rotated

102
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin: Posterior 1/4 of the iliac crest, full length of sacrum, and the coccyx

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and IT band

Actions: extension and external rotation, lower fibers adduction

103
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Origin:
- Long head: ischial tuberosity
- Short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion: head of the fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Actions: extend and externally rotate hip long head only and external rotation and flexion of the knee

104
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal anterior medial aspect of the tibia

Actions: Internal rotation and extension of the hip, flexion and internal rotation of knee

105
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: proximal medial aspect of the tibia

Actions: extension and internal rotation of the hip, internal rotation and flexion of the knee

106
Q

What are all of the hip flexors?

A

Psoas major, Iliacus, sartorius, TFL, pectineus, adductor longus and brevis, adductor magnus horizontal, rectus femoris

107
Q

What are all of the hip extensors?

A

gluteus maximus, biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus vertical fibers

108
Q

What are all of the adductors of the hip?

A

pectineus, adductor longus and brevis, gracilis, adductor magnus, gluteus maximus lower fibers, biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

109
Q

What are the abductors of the hip?

A

TFL, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

110
Q

What are the external rotators of the hip?

A

6 deep rotators, psoas major, iliacus, sartorius, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius posterior fibers, gluteus minimus posterior fibers, adductor longus and brevis, adductor magnus *horizontal fibers, biceps femoris long head

111
Q

What are the internal rotators of the hip?

A

TFL, gracilis, gluteus medius anterior fibers, gluteus minimus anterior fibers, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

112
Q

Vastus medius

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Actions: knee extension

113
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Actions: Knee extension

114
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: greater trochanter

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Actions: knee extension

115
Q

Popliteus

A

Origin: posterior surface of the lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: upper posterior medial surface of tibia

116
Q

Grastrocnemius

A

Origin: posterior aspect of the lateral and medial condyles of the femur

Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus

Actions: flex knee, plantar flexion of ankle

117
Q

What are the knee flexors?

A

sartorious, gracilis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus

118
Q

What are the knee extensors?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis

119
Q

What kind of joint is the tibiotalar joint?

A

hinge joint

120
Q

What joint gives us our inversion and eversion?

A

subtalar joint

121
Q

What kind of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

gliding

122
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: proximal 2/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula

Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus

Actions: plantar flex

123
Q

If the knee is bent is the solues or gastroc doing more work in a toe raise?

A

soleus

124
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Origin: posterior proximal surface 2/3 of the tibia and the fibula

Insertion: plantar surface of the navicular, cuneiforms and base of the metatarsals 2-5

Actions: plantar flexion, inversion

125
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Dorsal surface distal 2/3 of the tibia

Insertion: Plantar surface base of the distal phalanges digits 2-5

Actions: plantar flexion, inversion, flexion of digits 2-5

126
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Origin: middle 2/3 of posterior surface of the fibula

Insertion: planar surface base of the distal phalanx of digit 1

Actions: plantar flexion, inversion, flexion of the great toe

127
Q

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

A

Origin: proximal lateral 1/2 of fibula

Insertion: plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Actions: plantar flexion, eversion

128
Q

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis

A

Origin: Distal lateral 1/2 aspect of fibula

Insertion: tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

Actions: plantar flexion, eversion

129
Q

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius

A

Origin: anterior distal 1/3 of fibula

Insertion: superior surface base of 5th metatarsal

Actions: dorsiflexion, eversion

130
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia; proximal anterior 3/4 of the fibula

Insertion: top of the middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Actions: dorsiflexion, eversion, ext. of 4 lesser toes

131
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Origin: middle anterior 1/3 of the fibula

Insertion: top of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Actions: dorsiflexion, inversion, ext. of greater toe

132
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin: proximal lateral 2/3 of the tibia

Insertion: plantar surface of cuneiform #1 and base of the first metatarsal

Actions: dorsiflexion, inversion

133
Q

What are the plantar flexors of the ankle?

A

gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

134
Q

What are the dorsi flexors of the ankle?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum, peroneus tertius

135
Q

What are the invertors of the foot?

A

flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus

136
Q

What are the evertors of the foot?

A

extensor digitorum longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, peroneus tertius

137
Q

What muscles cause extension of the great toe?

A

extensor hallucis longus

138
Q

What muscles cause extension of the four lesser toes?

A

extensor digitorum longus

139
Q

What muscles cause flexion of the great toe?

A

flexor hallucis longus

140
Q

Where do we get the most motion in our vertebrae?

A

C1-C7 - because they have a lot of smaller joints which allow for more motion

141
Q

What is the total amount of muscles in the Erector Spinae?

A

18 - each of the three muscles has three

142
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: pubic crest

Insertion: cartilage of the 5th, 6th, and 7th rib and xiphoid process

Actions: lateral flexion, lumbar flexion

143
Q

External oblique abdominal muscles

A

Actions: lumbar flexion, lateral flexion, rotation to opposite side

144
Q

Internal oblique abdominal muscles

A

Actions: lumbar flexion, lateral flexion, rotation to same side

Anatomical Kinesiology (1 decks)

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