Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phys2 Practice tests > EXAM II > Flashcards

EXAM II Flashcards

1
Q

Which corticospinal tract fibers form the ventral corticospinal tract.

A

ipsilateral fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which corticospinal tract fibers form the lateral corticospinal tract.

A

Contralateral fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of corticospinal tract fibers originate from areas behind the central sulcus, including the primary somatosensory cortex.

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of corticospinal tract fibers originate from areas in fron the central sulcus, including the primary motor cortex

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What percentage of corticospinal tract fibers originate from areas in front of the central sulcus, including the premotor and supplemental areas?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Greater than ½ of the primary motor cortex is devoted to control of which of the following?

A

Hands and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A stroke that lesions the posterior limb of the internal capsule would be associated with which of the following?

A

loss of voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lesions in the high brain stem usually entails ____ , in the middle brain stem _____, and in the low brain stem _______

A

Spasticity, rigidity, flaccidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which brainstem area that receives stimulation from the vestibular nuclei and transmits excitatory signals to stimulate the axial trunk and extensor muscles that support the body against gravity?

A

Pontine reticular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which nuclei transmits inhibitory signals to the same antigravity muscles via the medullary (lateral) reticulospinal tract?

A

Medullary reticular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the medullar reticular nucleus receives strong input from which other nucleus?

A

Red Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Feedback regulation is mediated in the ANS by the

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

With regard to postural control, if descending cortical signals are blocked, what is the expected result?

A

Extensor muscle tone increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of a dynamic signal from pyramidal cells to alpha motor neurons?

A

initiation of skeletal muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of a static signal from pyramidal cells to alpha motor neurons?

A

maintain muscle contraction after initiation has occured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Postural reflexes are Impossible to separate postural adjustments from voluntary movement. They maintain body in up-right balanced position
and provide constant adjustments necessary to maintain stable postural background for voluntary movement. Adjustments to this system include static reflexes (sustained contraction) & dynamic short term phasic reflexes (transient movements).

They can be affected by _____

A

Training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

As the neck is rotated to the right then

A

flexors facilitated on the left, extensors facilitated on the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At the onset of clockwise rotation (to the right), what would you expect happens in the VIII cranial nerve on the left side?

A

Decreases in firing rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

After 20 clockwise (to the right) rotations with the eyes closed on a revolving stool, the subject is abruptly stopped, and the eyes are opened. What is observed?

A

lateral nystagmus with the slow component clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When supine, head tilt is best detected by which of the following?

A

Saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When upright, head tilt is best detected by

A

utricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Signals from neck proprioceptors typically augment signals from the vestibular apparatus as the head and neck are rotated and have similar effects on limb flexion and extension.

A

False, they have opposing actions on limb muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In backward sway, what sequence of contraction of muscles to maintain balance would occur?

A

tibialis, then quadriceps, then abdominals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In forward sway, what sequence of contraction of muscles to maintain balance would occur?

A

gastrocnemius, then hamstrings, then paraspinals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What would happen to a repetitive simple stretch reflex, if when the muscle contracts it destabilizes posture?

A

it would be inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What would happen to a repetitive simple stretch reflex, if when the muscle contracts it STABILIZES posture?

A

It would be facilitated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

After 20 clockwise rotations (to the right) with eyes closed on a revolving stool, the subject stops abruptly and eyes are opened, what is observed?

A

Lateral nystagmus with FAST component counterclockwise

Explanation: fast goes opposite

28
Q

At the onset of clockwise rotation (to the right) what would you expect happens in the VIII cranial nerve on the RIGHT side?

A

Increase in firing rate

29
Q

In spinal shock, what happens to the arterial blood pressure?

A

Decreases dramatically

30
Q

Pick out the pathway that doesn’t exist.

a. striatospinal b. spinocerebellar c. nigralstriatal d. rubrospinal

A

Striatospinal

31
Q

Which basal ganglia circuit plays a major role in cognitive control of motor activity?

A

Caudate Circuit

Caudate is Cognitive

32
Q

What basal ganglia circuit plays a major role in SUBCONSCIOUS execution of learned patterns?

A

putamen circuit

33
Q

One’s sense of upright is generally a combination of cues that include both visual and vestibular information.

A

true

34
Q

What effect does the striatum have on the substantia nigra?

A

inhibitory GABA projections

35
Q

What effect does the substantia nigra have on the striatum?

A

inhibitory dopamine projections

36
Q

Which area acts a a compartor, comparing intention with actual motor performance, and can effect the cerebellum via climbing fiber input?

A

Inferior olivary nucleus

37
Q

Strong stimulation of one climbing fiber would elicit which of the following?

A

complex action potential from a few purkinje cells

38
Q

Strong stimulation of one MOSSY fiber would elicit what kind of action? From what?

A

Simple action potential from many purkinje cells

39
Q

Spontaneous & continous writhing movements (athetosis) is associated with a lesion in which of the following areas.

A

Globus pallidus (athetosis)

40
Q

Sudden violent flailing movements of a limb (AKA) is associated with a lesion in what area?

A

subthalamus (hemiballism)

41
Q

Flicking movements in the hands face etc (AKA) is associated with lesions where?

A

Putamen

42
Q

Rigidity, akinesia and resting tremors are associate with what area?

A

Substantia nigra

43
Q

A patient presents with a resting tumor, lead pipe rigidity in the extremities. Voluntary movements is accurate but slow. Where is the lesion likely found?

A

Basal Ganglion

44
Q

A patient presents with ataxia, upon examination they are unable to perform rapid alternating movements, unable to check movements(rebound) of the RIGHT arm. Where is a lesion likely found?

A

Right side of Cerebellum

45
Q

what does CPCRTC mean?

A

CorticoPontoCerebelloRubroThalamoCorticospinal

The correct pathway

46
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle contains the most EFFERENT projections?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

47
Q

The ventral spinocerebellar tract gains access to the cerebellum primarily via which peduncle?

A

superior

48
Q

The dorsal spinocerebellar tract gains access to the cerebellum primarily via which peduncle?

A

inferior

49
Q

The primary pontocerebellar tract gains access to the cerebellum primarily via which peduncle?

A

middle

50
Q

If you administered yohimbine (an alpha2 receptor blocker) and then stimulated the sympathetic nervous system, what effect do you expect on the amount of norepinephrine released?

A

Increased amounts of norepinephrine

51
Q

Which of the following is not associated with a mass SNS discharge?

A

decreased rate of blood coagulation

52
Q

Regarding mass SNS (fight or flight) discharge what is increased?

A 
Arterial pressure
rate of cellular metabolism
blood glucose metabolism
glycolysis in liver & muscle 
muscle strength 
mental activity
rate of blood coagulation
53
Q

Denervation supersensitivity is likely associated with which of the following adaptations?

A

up/down regulation of receptors, by the target tissue

54
Q

What is the effect of SNS stimulation on most smooth muscle?

A

Constrict

55
Q

Inhibitory motor neurons from the myenteric plexus release what neurotransmitters?

A

Dynorphin

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide “VIP”

56
Q

Excitatory neurons from the myenteric plexus release what neurotransmitters?

A

ACH

Substance P

57
Q

A patient presents with a slight ptosis (droopy eye) of the left eye, but the right pupil appears dilated compared to the left, and they report that the left side of the face never sweats. Whats your opinon Dr?

A

interruption to the left sympathetic supply to the face

58
Q

A patient presents with a slight ptosis (droopy eye) of the right eye, and the right pupil appears constricted compared to the left, its hot but only the left side is moist. Whats your opinon Dr?

A

interruption to the right sympathetic supply to the face (horners syndrome) Dry side = side of interupted sympathetics

59
Q

What is associated with postganglionic cholinergic sympathetic response?

A

Stimulation of sweat glands

Sweat glands are exclusively innervated by Cholinergic Sympathetics

60
Q

On EMG (electromyography), what is the clinical significance of an decreased number of motor units activated during a voluntary muscle contraction?

A

Possible neuropathy

61
Q

On EMG (electromyography), what is the clinical significance of an decreased number of motor units activated during a voluntary muscle contraction?

A

Myopathy

62
Q

On EMG, what is the clinical significance of a increased number of motor units activated during a voluntary muscle contraction? (Use choices form question 37)

A

Neuropathy

63
Q

In primary cultures of postganglionic SNS neurons, what inhibits the release of norepinephrine?

A

GABA, adenosine, NPY, somatostatin, opiods, PGE, NO, dopamine

64
Q

In primary cultures of postganglionic SNS neurons, what facilitates the release of norepinephrine?

A

ACH, epinephrine, Ang II, corticotropin, PACAP,

65
Q

If there is a facilitated spinal segment at T6. What would you expect when 3 kg of pressure is applied to the spinous process at T10 which is not in a state of segmental facilitation?

A

exaggerated response in adjacent paraspinal muscles only at T6

“In addition exaggerated responses in the adjacent paraspinal muscles to the lesioned segment could be observed when decreased pressure was applied to normal spinous processes at levels above or below the lesioned segment without that level responding. (key finding)”

66
Q

How much pressure can be applied to a normal vertebrae eliciting only a minimal response in the adjacent paraspinal muscles?

A

7 Kg.

67
Q

The CNS coordinates host defense activity. (Bonus question)

A

True

Phys2 Practice tests (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions