Exam one

Question 1

Social and Behavioral sciences

Answer 1

A.The Social and Behavioral sciences attempt to specify as clearly as possible a set of ideas that pertain to a particular human phenomenon or set of human phenomena.

Question 2

Natural Sciences

Answer 2

B. The Natural Sciences are any of the sciences that deal with matter, energy, and their interrelations and transformations or with objectively measurable phenomena.

Question 3

Social problem

Answer 3

1. Social problem: A social condition is a social problem when an influential group defines it as threatening its values; when the condition affects a large number of people; and when it can be remedied by collective action.

Question 4

Values

Answer 4

2. Values are people’s ideas about what is good or bad, right or wrong.

Question 5

influential group

Answer 5

3. An influential group is one that can have a significant impact on public debate and social policy.

Question 6

Social Problems vs. Personal Troubles

Answer 6

4. Social problems differ from personal troubles because the former are public issues rather than personal ones.

Question 7

Norms

Answer 7

5. Norms are much more specific and concrete than values; they are rules of conduct that guide people’s behavior.

Question 8

Deviance

Answer 8

6. Behaviors or characteristics that violate important group norms, and as a consequence are reacted to with social disapproval are called deviance.

Question 9

Sociological Imagination

Answer 9

7. C. Wright Mills (1959) coined the term sociological imagination to refer to the ability to understand the relationship between what is happening in people’s personal lives and the social forces that surround them.

Question 10

Theory

Answer 10

8. A theory is a set of statements that explains the relationship between phenomena. Research conducted by sociologists is based on the scientific method. Scientific theories are linked to scientific research through hypotheses.

Question 11

Three sociological perspectives

Answer 11

9. Most sociologists today are guided by one or more of the following theoretical perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionalism.

Question 12

Social condition judged social problem

Answer 12

10. Once a social condition has been judged to be a social problem, the search for solutions begins. At this point, there may be widespread agreement, at least in the abstract, that the problem should be solved.

Question 13

ascribed status

Answer 13

1. Sex is an ascribed status: It is a position in society that is assigned to a person; people have virtually no control over their ascribed statuses.

Question 14

sexism

Answer 14

2. Gender inequalities are typically justified by sexism, an ideology based on the belief that one sex is superior.

Question 15

Sex

Answer 15

3. Sex refers to the biological role that each of us plays, such as in reproduction.

Question 16

Gender

Answer 16

4. Gender refers to learned behavior involving how we are expected to act as males and females in society.

Question 17

parents & masculinity, femininity

Answer 17

5. Parents are likely to treat male and female infants and young children in ways consistent with how they view masculinity and femininity.

Question 18

Developing Gender identity

Answer 18

6. By the age of three, children have acquired a gender identity.

Question 19

Mastering gender identity

Answer 19

7. Once the child’s gender identity has been established, he or she then attempts to master the behaviors that are associated with that gender.

Question 20

Parent interaction now vs. then

Answer 20

8. Research shows that parents today do interact with their children differently from parents a few decades ago.

Question 21

Socialization Process in schools

Answer 21

very significant part of the socialization process occurs in the schools.

Question 22

Women in the military

Answer 22

10. Even women who choose military as a career do not have the same opportunities as men.

Question 23

Family fundamental social institution

Answer 23

1. The family is the oldest and most fundamental of all social Institutions.

Question 24

Family

Answer 24

2. The family is a social institution based on kinship that functions to replace members of society and to nurture them.

Question 25

Gender role in families of different societies

Answer 25

3. In some cultures, males wield most power and authority in the family, whereas in other cultures females do.

Question 26

Monogamy

Answer 26

4. In the United States today, cultural norms call for people to practice monogamy, to have only one spouse at a time;

Question 27

Extended Family

Answer 27

5. An extended family consists of three or more generations of people who live together or in close proximity and whose lives and livelihoods are closely intertwined.

Question 28

Marriage “for life.”

Answer 28

6. The vast majority of them (survey respondents) also belived that when people marry, it should be “for life.”