Exam One

Question 1

Urine Output <17mL/hr indicates….

Answer 1

Kidney damage, but function is present. (Oliguria)

Question 2

Urine Output >17mL/hr reasonable output but….

Answer 2

Not concentrated waste properly (Nonoliguric AKI)

Question 3

Eosinophils elevated means…

Answer 3

Drug-induced allergic interstitial nephritis, renal transplant rejection

Question 4

Renal Epithelial cells

Answer 4

Tubular necrosis

Question 5

Granular Casts

Answer 5

Tubular Necrosis

Question 6

WBC casts

Answer 6

Pyelonephritis, Interstitial nephritis

Question 7

RBC casts

Answer 7

Glomerulonephritis, renal infarct, LUPUS NEPHRITIS, vasculitis

Question 8

Urate crystals

Answer 8

Postrenal obstruction

Question 9

Phosphate

Answer 9

Alkaline urine, possibly secondary to proteus sp. infection, postrenal obstruction

Question 10

Used to treat Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN)

Answer 10

Isotonic Saline (1mg/kg/hr for 12 hours before and after)
Sodium bicarbonate (154 mEq/L in

Question 11

Therapies that will help PrEvEnT CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY (CIN)…

Answer 11

Ascorbic Acid
N-Acetylcysteine
Theophylline
EPO
Natriuretic peptides

Ascorbic Acis and N-acetylcysteine are prevention for CIN

Question 12

Therapies that are recommended to prevent AKI….

Answer 12

Saline
Sodium Bicarbonate infusion
Ascorbic Acid
N-acetylcysteine

Note EPO is not recommended for AKI prevention

Question 13

Renal Replacement AEIOUs

Answer 13

Acid-base abnormaltites
Electrolyte Imbalance
Intoxications
Fluid Overload
Uremia

Question 14

Types of Renal replacement….

Answer 14

Intermittent Hemodialysis

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies

Question 15

Achieves the highest solute and fluid removal rates….

Answer 15

Continuous Vevovenous Hemodiafiltration

Question 16

Gentler means of achieving adequate waste product and fluid removal due to EXTENDED duration…..

Answer 16

Slow extended daily dialysis (SLEDD)
lower blood and dialysate flow rates than IHD
(Critically ill AKI pts)

Question 17

Drugs causing alteration of glomerular hymodynics (Pre-renal)

Answer 17

NSAIDS
ACEIs
ARBs

Question 18

Drugs toxic to tubules….

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides
Amphotericin
Chemo(CISPLATIN)
Osmotic diuretic(Mannitol)

Question 19

Drugs toxic to interstitium (Intrinsic)

Answer 19

Acetaminophen

NSAIDs

Question 20

Precipitate a hypersensitive/autoimmune response (Intrinsic)

Answer 20

Antibiotics

Question 21

Drugs that casue obstruction of urine excretion (Post Renal)

Answer 21

Crystal formation (ALLOPURINOL, ACYCLOVIR)
Anticholinergics (Prostate, bladder)