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ADT > Exam prep > Flashcards

Exam prep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the possible oral health problems for a patient who wears a partial denture?

A 
difficult Oh, complex to make. 
close contact with tissues can cause stagnation areas resulting in: 
Perio diseases 
Caries 
Dental stomatitis
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2
Q

What advice should the dental therapist offer in respect of denture problems?

A

good OH:

  • take denture out in evening
  • was with brush and soap
  • use a denture cleaner once a week.
  • clean after eating.
  • use a fluoridated mouthwash at times of eating.
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3
Q

Discuss the various options for replacing missing upper central incisors and the preventive advice a dental therapist should provide for each option?

A
  • Nothing
  • removable denture
  • fixed-fixed bridge
  • cantilever bridge
  • implant
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4
Q

What are some problems with crowns / bridges as a treatment option?

A
  • plural irritation
  • occlusion change
  • weakens tooth
  • perio disease
  • difficult OH
  • can cause damage to opposing teeth.
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5
Q

what are the benefits of a sectional denture?

A

doesn’t cover the whole arch. Only rely on 2 teeth so less area for food stagnation.

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6
Q

what are the 4 main Determinants of occlusion?

A
  • TMJ
  • Teeth
  • muscles of mastication
  • neuro-muscular control
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7
Q

what is physiological occlusion?

A

Occlusion within the patient’s adaptability

There is no breakdown of the periodontium, no tooth wear, teeth stay in position

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8
Q

what is Pathological occlusion?

A 
A pattern of occlusal contact resulting in one or more of the elements of the masticatory system being overstretched therefore may cause parafunction
EG: 
Pain/Temporomandibular disorders
Fracture
Tooth wear – localised or generalised
Drifting, mobility
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9
Q

what is Intercuspal position?

A

The position of the mandible when the maxillary and mandibular teeth are maximally meshed together (Maximum intercuspation).

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10
Q

what is malocclusion?

A

Anatomical variations rather than an abnormalities

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11
Q

malocclusion occurs from what?

A

malposition of individual teeth
malrelationship of the dental arches
variation in skeletal morphology of the jaws

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12
Q

what is an overjet?

A

mouth the top anteriors are over the lower anterior

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13
Q

what is an over bite?

A

the depth of which the top anteriors cover the lower anteriors.

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14
Q

what causes an anterior open bite?

A

Occurs when there is no incisor contact and no incisor overbite

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15
Q

what causes a cross bite?

A

A transverse abnormality of the dental arches where there is an asymmetrical bite
Unilateral or bilateral

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16
Q

what are problems in paediatric dentistry regarding occlusion?

A

Premature loss of a primary tooth – shifting of the midline, distruption of developing occlusion
Submerging teeth
Premature loss of a first permanent molar
Avulsed/missing permanent tooth
Prevention of crowding in the permanent dentition
Decision to restore or extract

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17
Q

what are the potential causes of a plural injury?

A

stimuli

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18
Q

what stimuli can cause plural injury?

A
  • Bacteria (caries)
  • mechanical (cavity prep/ trauma)
  • chemical (materials/dyhdration)
  • thermal (handpick during prep)
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19
Q

what is tubular sclerosis?

A

mineral is deposited within tubules - reducing permeability of the tubule.

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20
Q

what causes reactionary dentine to form?

A

mild stimulus. The original odontoblasts survive.

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21
Q

what causes reparative dentine?

A

stronger stimulus. compromises vitality of odontoblasts. Irregular.
Progenitor cells differential.

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22
Q

what is the difference between reactive and reparative dentine?

A

reactionary = The original odontoblasts survive.
reparative: compromises vitality of odontoblasts. Irregular.
Progenitor cells differential.

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23
Q

what effects the type of plural response?

A
  • duration
  • intensity
    both of stimulus.
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24
Q

what is chronic pulpitits?

A
  • low grade, long lasting stimulus.
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25
Q

what is acute pulpit its?

A

sudden, severe stimulus.

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26
Q

What type of inflammation is likely to be caused due to a slow progressing lesion?

A
  • chronic inflammation
27
Q

what type of inflammation causes symptoms?

A

acute inflammation

28
Q

what type of inflammation doesn’t usually causes symptoms?

A

chronic

29
Q

why is chronic inflammation usually painless?

A

because cellular response predominates rather than dilation of blood vessels causing pressure.

30
Q

why does acute inflammation cause pain?

A

dilation of blood vessels causing pressure, active emigration of neutrophils and increases in tension of the tissues apically.

31
Q

what symptoms accosted with reversible pulpitits?

A

short duration and disappears when stimulus is removed.

32
Q

what symptoms accosted with irreversible pulpitits?

A

pain continues for mins after stimulus removed. or spontaneous pain.

33
Q

What is the swelling on the gingival called caused by acute apical infection?

A

sinus

34
Q

how is a direct pulp cap carried out?

A

application of calcium hydroxide to a pulp exposed by caries or trauma.

35
Q

how is a indirect pulp cap placed?

A

application of calcium hydroxide to dentine that is affected by caries but not infected with bacteria.

36
Q

what is the purpose of a stepwise excavation?

A

reduce incidence of plural exposure.

37
Q

what is the procedure for a step wise excavation?

A

1) remove caries from margins, leave soft dentine at the base, place decal and restore with GIC. Leave for 6-12 months.
2) if asymptomatic - reassess, remove caries, indirect pulp cap with decal and RMGIC liner. provide definitive restoration.

38
Q

How can further NCTTL be prevented?

A
  • monitoring
  • fluoride
  • splint
  • diet
  • habit changes
  • further referrals?
39
Q

what preventative advise would you give for erosion?

A
  • diet analysis and advise
  • sugar free gum - increase saliva
  • fluoride / tooth mouse.
  • use a straw
  • delay brushing
  • splint
  • FS
  • restoration.s.
40
Q

what preventative advise would you give for abrasion and attrition?

A
  • TBI
  • avoid hard tooth brush and abrasive TP
  • avoid habits eg nail biting
  • soft/ hard splint.
41
Q

how can you monitor NCTTL?

A
  • study models.
  • photos
  • X-rays
  • silicone index.
42
Q

what are the indexes available form measuring/recording tooth wear?

A
  • BEWE

- Simplified index based on Smith and Knight.

43
Q

what are the biological reasons behind restoring NCTTL?

A
  • irregular tooth surface can cause trauma
  • sensitivity
  • likely to get plural exposure
  • risk of tooth fracture
  • difficult to clean/ plaque accumulation
44
Q

what are the functional reasons behind restoring NCTTL?

A
  • buccal cavity can compromise design for partial denture.

- decrease mastication.

45
Q

what are the tx options fo NCTTL?

A
  • crowns
  • veneers
  • over dentures
  • only dentures
  • composite resin.
46
Q

what is a mental capacity advocate?

A

its someone that can help made the decision for someone who lacks the capacity to make their own decision.

47
Q

what questions should you ask yourself when assessing someones capacity?

A
  • can the patient understand the info?
  • can the pt remember the info?
  • can the pt weigh the options in order to make a decision?
  • can the pt communicate that decision?
48
Q

what medical conditions can increase the risk of GA?

A
  • cardiac disease
  • respiratory disease
  • metabolic disease
  • obesity
  • ASA grade.
49
Q

what are the purposes of a splint?

A
  • pt comfort
  • retain orthodontically repositioned teeth
  • prevent drifting and over eruption
  • temp for CRT and surgical tx
  • decrease mobility
50
Q

what are barriers to good OH for the elderly?

A
  • multi-mobility ( reduced quality of life, cognitive function, manual dexterity / poloyharmacy)
  • cost of dental tx
  • fear of dental tx
  • accessed and availability of dental services.
51
Q

what are the elderly at higher risk of?

A
  • xerestomia
  • root caries
  • perio disease
  • denture stomatitis
  • toothwear
  • oral cancer
52
Q

list some wider effects of poor OH for the elderly:

A
  • malnutrition
  • pheunomia
  • oral cancer/ mucosal disease
  • dignity and socialisation
  • general systems health
53
Q

what teeth should you see in a BW?

A
  • medial contact point of the 1st premolar to most distal contact point of the last tooth.
54
Q

what is meant by projection in regarding to radiographs?

A

superficial lesion can be projected deeper. EG an enamel lesion can appear to be in to the dentine.

55
Q

what are some issues with taking radiographs? list 7

A
  • use of ionising radiation
  • technique errors
  • overlapping contact points.
  • lesions are larger clinically than radiographically.
  • cannot detect early lesions
  • cannot establish bunco-lingual depths or localise them.
  • caries mimics.
56
Q

what are caries mimics in radiographs?

A
  • cervical burnout
  • mach effect
  • radiolucencies beneath restorations.
57
Q

what are the 7 caries risk factors?

A
  • social history
  • medical history
  • dietary habits
  • use of fluoride
  • plaque control
  • saliva
  • clinical evidence.
58
Q

how often do you take BW for a patient with high caries risk?

A

6 monthly until no new/ active lesions or patient changes into a different risk group.

59
Q

how often do you take BW for a patient with moderate caries risk?

A

12 monthly or until patient changes into a different risk group.

60
Q

how often do you take BW for a patient with low caries risk? (adult and children)

A
  • children: 12-18 monthly

adult = 24 monthly.

61
Q

what are the advantages of a panoramic radiograph?

A

Shows the entire dentition on one film
Time efficient
Radiation dose may be lower than a full mouth survey of intra-oral images in some cases
Well tolerated by patients
Can be used even when patient can’t fully open mouth or has pronounced gag reflex

62
Q

what are the disadvantages of a panoramic radiograph?

A

Only structures in the focal trough are in focus
Overlapping teeth in some areas (sensitivity for caries)
Careful patient positioning required
Superimposition of soft tissue and air shadows can cause misinterpretation
Image is a distorted and magnified version of the object
Resolution of detail (eg. caries detection and imaging of fine periodontal tissues) not as good as intra-oral techniques
Long exposure - susceptible to movement, creating difficulties in interpretation

63
Q

what are the indications of use for a panoramic radiograph?

A

Bony lesion not completely demonstrated on intra-orals
Grossly neglected dentition prior to GA
For the assessment of wisdom teeth prior to planned surgical intervention
As part of an orthodontic assessment
In hospital - for assessment of mandibular fractures
assessment of periodontal bone support

ADT (1 decks)

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