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EXAM > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

learning disability: down syndrome and slow, confused, repetitive speech, lethargic, irritable

A

dementia

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2
Q

agressively hungry

A

prader Willi Syndrome

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3
Q

30yo learning disability prominent forehead and ears, socially aloof and anxious, with poor fleeting eye contact

A

fragile X syndrome

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4
Q

side effects of ramapril

A

cpugh ( ACE inhibitor)

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5
Q

side effects of bisoprosol

A

cold peripheries and bronchospasm

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6
Q

Side effects of benzofluthazides

A

alcohol inrteraction and gout

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7
Q

side effect of amlodipine

A

calcium channel blocker - anke odema

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8
Q

target of aspirin

A

platlet cyclooxygenase (COX)

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9
Q

target of clopidogrel

A

P2Y12 receptor on platlet membrane

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10
Q

target of fondaparinux

A

antithrombin 3

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11
Q

target of heparin

A

antithrombin 3

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12
Q

GTN target

A

cytosolic guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle

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13
Q

sensitivity

A

TP/(TP+FN)

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14
Q

specificity

A

TN/ (TN+FP)

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15
Q

positive predictive value

A

TP/(TP+FP)

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16
Q

negative predictive value

A

TN/(TN+FN)

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17
Q

likelihood for a positive test result

A

sensitivity/ (1-speficity)

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18
Q

likelihood ratio for a negative test

A

(1-sensitivity)/specificity

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19
Q

suicide rates: highest self harm

A

WOMEN 15-25

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20
Q

highest suicide

A

men 35-50

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21
Q

lowest self harm

A

men >75

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22
Q

lowest suicide

A

women 15-25

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23
Q

significant fall in suicide

A

men 15-25

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24
Q

inherited progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibres

A

muscular dystrophy

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25
Q

neuromuscular junction affected

A

myasthenia gravis

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26
Q

type i collagen gene mutation

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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27
Q

vit c dificiency

A

scurvy

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28
Q

enterohepatic circulation

A

ileum

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29
Q

water absorption

A

distal colon

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30
Q

gastrin

A

gastric antrum

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31
Q

secretes enzymes in response to CCK

A

pancreas

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32
Q

bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate

A

caecum

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33
Q

haemoptysis 24, 20ml bright red blood plus alcoholism, nodular consolidation and cavitation in upper lobe

A

active pulmonary tuberculosis

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34
Q

haemoptysis 24, 20ml bright red blood plus heavy smoker

A

bronchitis

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35
Q

haemoptysis 24, 20ml bright red blood plus metallic aortic valve replacement and patch consolidation left mid zone

A

pulmonary haemorrhage

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36
Q

haemoptysis 24, 20ml bright red blood plus pulmonary TB (20 years ago), bilateral upper lobe fibrosis with speckled calcification

A

bronchiectasis

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37
Q

haemoptysis 24, 20ml bright red blood plus bordetella pertussis ( whooping cough) as a child and chronic bronchial sepsis with sinusitis

A

bronchiectasis

38
Q

stimulates nerves to cause peristalsis

A

senna

39
Q

anticholinergic acting on smooth muscle of GI to reduce spasm

A

Hyocine Butylbromine

40
Q

absorbs water to increase bulk of stool and stimulate peristalsis

A

Ispaghula (rusk)

41
Q

osmotic effect to draw fluid into large bowel, increase stool volume and stimulate peristalsis

A

lactulose

42
Q

5-ht4 receptor agonist por kinetic effect

A

prucalopride

43
Q

persistant mild depression

A

dysthymia

44
Q

waking early and not enjoying activities

A

somatic depression symptoms

45
Q

traveller diarrhoea

A

entertoxigenic e coli

46
Q

winter vomiting

A

norovirus

47
Q

commonest cause of gastroenteritis, flu prodrome, fever and complication Gillian-barre

A

campylobacter

48
Q

commonest kids stomach bug

A

rotavirus

49
Q

anaemia and renal failure in 4yo child

A

eschenchia coli 0157

50
Q

prolonged non bloody diarrhoea

A

giardiasis

51
Q

profuse water diarrhoea and dehydration

A

cholera

52
Q

bloody diarrhoea

A

shigella

53
Q

rice associated

A

bacillus cereus (6h -diarrhoea)

54
Q

mediate ventilatory respnse to high PCO2, and respiratory acidosis

A

central (medullary) chemoreceptors

55
Q

mediate ventilatory response to low PO2 and respond quickly to changes in arterial PO2

A

carotid bodies

56
Q

best candidate for the source of respiratory rhythem

A

per-botzinger complexes

57
Q

nerve injury most likely in anterior shoulder dislocation

A

axillary nerve

58
Q

complication of open book pelvis fracture

A

hypovolaemic shock

59
Q

posterior dislocation of the hip complication

A

avascular necrosis

60
Q

displaced talar neck fracture complication

A

avascular necrosis

61
Q

displaced diaphseal humeral fracture complication/sign

A

wrist drop

62
Q

binds components of peptoglycan layer of bacterial cell wall disrupting structure

A

penicillin V

63
Q

acts on bacterial ribosome to inhibit translocation

A

erythromycin

64
Q

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to prevent bacterial cells producing tetrahydrofolate

A

trimethoprim

65
Q

inhibits dnagyrase preventing supercoiling of DNA

A

ciprofloxacin

66
Q

binds to DNA leading to strand breakage

A

metronidazole

67
Q

acute hemiplegia, expressive dysphagia and right homonymous hemianopia

A

posterior to the optic chasm left side

68
Q

failing vision after RTA, bitemporal hemianopia

A

optic chiasm

69
Q

difficulty reading. right relative afferent pupillary defect

A

anterior to optic chiasm (right) or right optic nerve

70
Q

failing vision, light on both eyes- right pupil dilates but left constricts

A

cilliary ganglion ( right side)

71
Q

right congruous homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

A

primary visual cortex ( left side)

72
Q

alpha herpes, latency in trigeminal and dorsal root, skin rashes

A

varicella- zoster

73
Q

enveloped -ive stranded RNA virus, can exchange genetic aerial with different strains, respiratory tract.

A

influenza virus

74
Q

non enveloped RNA, attacks CNS, vaccination against

A

poliovirus

75
Q

non enveloped +ive stranded RNA causes infantile gastroenteritis

A

rotavirus

76
Q

non enveloped +ive stranded RNA causes common colds

A

rhinovirus

77
Q

treat GORD with

A

omeprazole

78
Q

prokinetic nausea prevention

A

metoclopramide

79
Q

treat c diff

A

metronidazole

80
Q

pancreatic cancer adjuvant treatment after surgery

A

gematabine

81
Q

steroid resistant crohns disease, treat with…

A

azathioprine

82
Q

corticotropic hormone releasing factor secreted by neuroendocrine cells

A

hypothalamus

83
Q

coticotropic hormone releasing actor stimulates the release of adrenotropic hormone from where

A

pituitary gland

84
Q

principle site of noradrenaline synthesis in cns

A

locus coeruleus

85
Q

long term stress has an adverse effect on learning and memory due to cortisol induced destruction of cells

A

hippocampus

86
Q

processs emotion and modulates stress response - fear and anxiety

A

amygdala

87
Q

FCe receptor binds IgE on surface

A

Mast cells

88
Q

CD4 receptor on cell surface and produces IL1, IL4, IL13 , IL5, IL9

A

t helper 2 lymphocyte

89
Q

epithelial cells release thymic stromal lipoprotein which attracts

A

dendritic cells to inflammation and promotes its maturation

90
Q

IL9 important in differentiation and attraction of this cell type

A

mast cell

91
Q

epithelial damage and sub epithelial fibrosis, predicts steroid responsiveness

A

eosinophils

EXAM (1 decks)

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