Exam Review 1

Question 1

Nature

Answer 1

• biological givens
• genetic inheritance
• genes determine our behvaior

Question 2

Nurture

Answer 2

• physical and social world influence development
• environment
• our environment determines our behavior

Question 3

Examples of Prenatal Learning

Answer 3

• can recognize smells from amniotic fluid (what mom eats)
• mom’s voice
• mom’s heartbeat and movement

Question 4

When does prenatal learning occur?

Answer 4

around 37 weeks

Question 5

How does a fetus react to change?

Answer 5

through their heartbeat and movement

Question 6

What is habituation?

Answer 6

a simple form of learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated or continued stimulation

Question 7

Examples of Habituation

Answer 7

• can recognize mom’s voice
• prefers smells present in amniotic fluid
• recognizes tastes exposed to in womb

Question 8

What are teratogens?

Answer 8

a substance interfering with normal development and causes cognitive disabilities

Question 9

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Symptoms

Answer 9

• poor attention
• slow physical growth
• interferes with cell duplication and deprives the fetus of oxygen

Question 10

Cigarette Smoking Symptoms

Answer 10

• low birth weight
• possible miscarriage/ infant death
• less attentive to sounds
• constricts blood vessels and reduces nutrients `

Question 11

Teratogens and Their Damage at Different Times in Development

Answer 11

• Zygote (1-2 weeks): not viable
• Embryo (3-8 weeks): major structural damage
• Fetus ( 3 months- on): damage, especially to the brain

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

• genetic material

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

• observable expression; body characteristics and behavior

Question 14

Environment

Answer 14

• includes every part of the individual and his or her surroundings, EXCLUDING genes