exam review

Question 1

Define Homeostasis

Answer 1

BALANCE. STABLE. maintenance of a constant and “normal” internal environment

Question 2

Component of a biological control system

Answer 2

1. Sensor or receptor : Detects changes in variable (eyes photo, ears, tastes)
2. Control center : Assess input and initiates response (ex human: brain)
3. Effector: changes internal environment back to normal (what brings us back to homeostasis)

Question 3

Define Steady State

Answer 3

CHANGE and comes back . used to denote a steady and unchanging level of some physiological variable (heart rate)
Example:
1.Heart rate during submaximal exercise 2. Body core temperature during prolonged submaximal exercise
3.Blood pressure

Question 4

Positive vs. Negative Feedback

Answer 4

Positive Feedback: Biological response increases the original stimulus , Limited number of control systems use positive feedback. FAR AND FEW
(ex: Blood clot
Negative Feedback: Responsive reverses the initial disturbance in homeostasis
(ex:
MAJORITY OF OUR BODY = NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Question 5

Endocrine Signaling

Answer 5

messengers (that is, hormones) released into blood/ Affects cells with specific receptor to the hormone

Question 6

INTRAcrine signaling

Answer 6

Chemical messenger INSIDE cell triggers response

Question 7

JUXTAcrine Signaling

Answer 7

Chemical messenger passed between two connected cells

Question 8

AUTOcrine Signaling

Answer 8

Chemical messenger acts on that same cell

Question 9

PARAcrine Signaling

Answer 9

Chemical messengers act on nearby cells

Question 10

Define Hormesis

Answer 10

SURVIVAL. just enough stress to not die. Adaptation (ex: chemical agent or environmental stress)

Question 11

Define Bioenergentics

Answer 11

Process of converting foodstuffs into ENERGY

Question 12

Endergonic vs Exergonic Reaction

Answer 12

Endergonic: Requires energy to be added to the reactants
Exergonic: Release Energy

Question 13

Enzymes and energy of activation

Answer 13

Enzymes : are cellular proteins that act as catalysts to increase the speed of reaction

Question 14

Define Glycogen

Answer 14

Glycogen is polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked together
Glycogen is stored for fuel in both the liver and skeletal muscles

Question 15

Define Triglycerides

Answer 15

Storage form of fat in muscle and adipose tissue
Broken down into glycerol and fatty acids via lipolysis

Question 16

ATP is used for muscular contraction

Question 17

ATP-CP System (onset for exercise)

Question 18

Glycolysis

Question 19

Krebs cycle

Question 20

Function of NAD/ FAD

Question 21

Process of beta-oxidation (where does it takes place)

Question 22

Triglycerides are composed of?

Question 23

Oxygen deficit?

Answer 23

last in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise

Question 24

VO2 Max Intensity

Answer 24

% for fat oxidation:
% for carbohydrate use:

Question 25

How does intensity and duration of exercise impact muscle glycogen and blood glucose

Question 26

Define Lipolysis

Question 27

Exercise Intensity categories as they relate to the lactate threshold and % VO2Max

Question 28

EPOC

Question 29

How to remove lactic acid following exercise?

Question 30

How does training impact EPOC?

Question 31

Define Cori Cycle ?

Question 32

What are Hormones?

Question 33

Thyroid hormone impacts plasma Calcium?