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Science 10 Exam > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is ecology?

A

The scientific study of the relationships that living organisms have with each other and their environment.

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2
Q

What is an ecological footprint? How can we reduce ours?

A

This measures how much productive land and water it takes to support the lifestyle of an individual, a city, a region or county in today’s office

We can reduce this by saving water, recycling, and carpooling.

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3
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

It’s an association of organisms and their physical environment, interconnected by ongoing flow of energy and cycling of material.

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4
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Captures sunlight or chemical energy

Producers (plants)

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5
Q

Heterotrophs?

A

These extract energy from other organisms or organic waste

These are consumers and decomposers

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6
Q

What are producers?

A

They make their own food by photosynthesis.

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7
Q

Equation for photosynthesis.

A

6CO2 + 12H2O —> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

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8
Q

Define consumers

A

Primary consumers - feed directly on plants

Secondary consumers - feed on primary consumers

Tertiary consumers - feed on secondary consumers

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9
Q

Define herbivore

A

Animals that only eat plants

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10
Q

Define carnivore

A

Animals that only eat meat

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11
Q

Define omnivore

A

Animals that eat both plants and meat

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12
Q

Define parasites

A

Organisms that feed off other living organisms

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13
Q

Define decomposers

A

Organism that feeds off and breaks down dead plant or animal matter, returning essential nutrients to the ecosystems

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14
Q

What are primary consumers?

A

They feed directly on plants

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15
Q

What are secondary consumers

A

They feed directly on primary consumers

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16
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

Feeds on secondary consumers

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17
Q

What is a food chain? Give an example.

A

A food chain shows how each living thing get nutrients or eats.

Grass -> grasshopper -> snake -> hawk

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18
Q

What is a food web and what do the arrows in a food web mean?

A

A food web is a complex food chain. The arrows show which way the energy is going.

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19
Q

What is a sustainable ecosystem and what do ecosystems provide?

A

A sustainable ecosystem is a environment that is able to support itself without outside assistance. They provide everything an environments needs to thrive.

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20
Q

Define biotic factors

A

Living thing ex) grass (animals eat grass)

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21
Q

Define abiotic factors

A

Non - living thing ex) rock (bugs live under them)

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22
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same ecosystem

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23
Q

What is exponential growth? What could cause a population to grow exponentially?

A

Increase in number or size. Ex) if all the frogs died off the bug population would grow exponentially.

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24
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.

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25
Q

What is sustainability?

A

How ecosystems stay productive

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26
Q

Describe he nitrogen cycle

A

All living things need nitrogen to survive
Although there is a lot of it in the air it can not be used that way
Special bacteria in certain plants convert it for use
The plants are eaten
When the animal or consumer does the nitrogen goes into the soil
Then special bacteria but it back into the atmosphere

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27
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The number and variety of organisms found in a specific region

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28
Q

What is a paradigm and a paradigm shift ?

A

Is a view of the world on a way of thinking about how the world works

A shift is a significant change in the way humans view the world

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29
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Change that results in the formation of new chemical substances

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30
Q

What is physical change

A

Changes in state (liquid, gas, solid)

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31
Q

What is a pure substance

A

Uniform throughout

Homogeneous

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32
Q

What is an element

A

Consists of one kind of atom (from the periodic table)

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33
Q

Define compound

A

Consists of two or more atoms that are chemically combined

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34
Q

Homogenous

A

Same

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35
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Different

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36
Q

Mechanical mixtures

A

Two or more substance you can see
Ex) rocks and water
Salad

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37
Q

Solution

A

Two or more substances you can’t see

Ex) kool aid

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38
Q

Groups

A

Up and down

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39
Q

Periods

A

Across

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40
Q

Metals

A

On the right

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41
Q

Non metals

A

Left of the table

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42
Q

Metalloids

A

On the staircase

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43
Q

What charge do protons have

A

Positive charge

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44
Q

Electrons

A

Negative charge

45
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral charge

46
Q

Atomic numbers

A

Number of protons

47
Q

Atomic mass

A

Number of protons and neutrons

48
Q

Cation charge?

A

Positive

49
Q

Anions charge ?

A

Negative

50
Q

What are the 6 concepts of weather?

A 
temperature 
Precipitation 
Atmospheric pressure 
Humidity 
Wind speed and direction 
Sky cover
51
Q

What is temperature?

A

Coolness or warmth of something

52
Q

Define precipitation

A

Forms of water that fall from the atmosphere

53
Q

What is atmospheric pressure ?

A

Force of he stomp sphere and the surface below it

54
Q

Define humidity

A

Amount of water vapour in the air

55
Q

Define wind speed and direction

A

How quickly moving air is traveling and the direction from which it originates

56
Q

Define sky cover

A

The portion of the sky that is covered by the clouds

57
Q

What is the greenhouse effect? How does it contribute to the warming of the earth?

A

The greenhouse gasses are transparent to the Suns rays that are coming to the earth but block the waves from leaving the earths atmosphere, contributing to the warmth of the earth. This is a greenhouse effect

58
Q

How does atmospheric pressure change with the altitude within he atmosphere?

A

As the altitude increases the atmospheric pressure decreases.

59
Q

In which layer of the earths atmosphere does the weather occur?

A

The troposphere is the first 12 km of the atmosphere and that’s where the weather takes place.

60
Q

What is wind?

A

Wind is the natural movement of air.

61
Q

What is the Coriolis effect and how does it affect the winds on earth?

A

This effect is a change in the direction of moving air, water, or any objects on the earths surface due to the earths rotation. This makes the winds curve because anywhere near the equator is moving faster than either of the poles. It deflects winds to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

62
Q

What is a high pressure system?

A

When an air mass cools over an ocean or a cold region of land a high pressure system is formed. As the air mass cools the air mass becomes more dense. High pressure systems often bring clear weather.

63
Q

What is a low pressure system? What weather occurs usually with a low pressure system?

A

A low pressure system occurs when an air mass travels over warm land or oceans. When the air mass warms it expands and rises. Water vapour in the air may condense producing clouds or precipitation. Precipitation is usually associated with low pressure systems, it’s the atmosphere letting go.

64
Q

How are high pressure and low pressure systems represented on maps?

A

High pressure - red triangles on a line

Low pressure - blue half circles on a line

65
Q

What are the 5 air masses that effect North America? And what weather is associated with each?

A
  • Continental polar (cP) - cold and dry
  • Continental artic - cold and dry
  • Maritime polar - cool and moist
  • Maritime tropical - warm and humid
  • Continental tropical - hot and dry
66
Q

What is the jet stream and how does it affect weather?

A

It’s a narrow band of fast moving wind.
Storms from along the jet stream and generate large scale weather systems. These systems transport cold surface air towards the tropics and warm surface air towards he poles. North of a jet stream is cold while the south of a her stream is warmer. Polar jet streams effect Nova Scotia.

67
Q

What is a weather ballon and what does it measure?

A

A weather ballon is a tool for measuring wind speed and direction.

68
Q

What do isobars on a weather map represent?

A

Patterns of pressure and temperature.

69
Q

What is the function and purpose of a hygrometer?

A

A hygrometer includes a web bulb and a dry bulb, it measure humidity.

70
Q

What time frame do short and long term weather forecasts refer to?

A

Short term - 5-7 days

Long term- over 7 days

71
Q

Define conduction

A

Transfer of thermal energy between substances that are in direct contact

72
Q

Define convection

A

Transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another

73
Q

Define radiation

A

Thermal energy transfer on which atoms give off energy as electromagnetic waves

74
Q

How does the earths curved surface, tilt, and orbit affect weather?

A

The amount of solar energy that reaches different regions varies because of the curved surface, the earth is unequally distributed. If the earth is tilted towards the sun the solar energy hits some regions more directly. When the earth is tilted away from the sun, some regions will be colder. When the earths orbit is is more oval it gets much more solar energy when it is nearest to the sun then when it is farthest from the sun.

75
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

It’s the first 12km of the atmosphere and it’s where the weather takes place.

76
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Made of up of land at the seas levels crust and land at the sea bottom

77
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

All the water on or near the earths surface

78
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

Where the nitrogen and oxygen are, it extends over 700km above the earths surface

79
Q

How could an airplane that is flying with the jet stream arrive at its destination earlier then scheduled?

A

If an airplane is traveling with the jet stream it will arrive at its destination earlier because the jet stream is a fast moving line of air that would push the plane faster

80
Q

What is a cold front?

A

When a cold air mass replaces a warm air mass

81
Q

What is a warm front?

A

When a warm air mass replaces a cold one

82
Q

What effect would would an increase in humidity have on the atmospheric pressure?

A

Humidity lowers air pressure by replacing the nitrogen and oxygen molecules with lighter water molecules, therefore humidity would have the effect of lowering the atmospheric pressure

83
Q

What weather instrument do you use to measure temperature?

A

Thermometer

84
Q

What weather instrument measures atmospheric pressure ?

A

Barometer

85
Q

What weather instrument is used to measure humidity?

A

Hygrometer

86
Q

What is used to measure the direction of wind?

A

Wind vane

87
Q

What measures wind speed ?

A

Anemometer

88
Q

What measures precipitation?

A

Rain gauge

89
Q

What air masses affect Nova Scotia?

A

Maritime polar
Maritime tropical
Continental polar
Continental tropical

90
Q

Compare ionic compounds and molecular compounds.

A

Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a non metal.

Molecular compounds consist of a non metal and a non metal.

91
Q

What are the 5 types of chemical reactions?

A

1) combination (one product)
2) decomposition (one reactant)
3) single replacement (One single substance replaces another single substance)
4) double replacement (two substances take two other substances places)
5) combustion

92
Q

What does a multivalent metal mean?

A

It has more than one charge

93
Q

Define distance

A

The total length traveled

94
Q

Define displacement

A

The shortest route from start to finish

95
Q

Define scaler

A

A quantity that only shows distance

96
Q

Define vector

A

A quantity that has distance and direction

97
Q

What graph is needed to calculate the average velocity of an object using the slope of the graph?

A

A velocity/time line graph

98
Q

What is uniform motion?

A

Moving at a constant speed

99
Q

Define non uniform motion

A

Not moving at a constant speed

100
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

The size of a population that can be supported by the available indefinitely by the available resources and services of an ecosystem

101
Q

What is an air mass?

A

A very large mass of air that has nearly uniform properties

102
Q

Define binary ionic compound

A

An ionic compound made up of two elements

103
Q

Define average velocity

A

The displacement of an object divided by the time interval it takes to travel displacement

104
Q

What is the green house effect

A

The warming of the earth as a result of greenhouse gasses which trap some energy that would otherwise leave the world

105
Q

Define ion

A

An atom or group of atoms with a positive

Or negotiate charge

106
Q

What is a jet stream

A

A narrow band of fast moving air

107
Q

define long range forecast

A

A forecast the predicts how the weather how the weather conditions will be over a period of 3-7 days

108
Q

Define short range forecast

A

A forecast the predicts the weather up to 48 hours

Science 10 Exam (1 decks)

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