Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Exam revision > Flashcards

Exam revision Flashcards

1
Q

Hereditary factors

A

Factors that influence development genetically passed down from biological parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Environmental factors

A

Factors that influence development from an individual’s physical or social surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Enriched environment

A

A person’s basic needs are met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Deprived environment

A

A person’s basic needs aren’t met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biological

A

Relates to the body and it’s systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psychological

A

Relates to cognitive and emotional functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Social

A

Relates to an individual’s interaction with the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Attachment

A

The bond between an infant and their mother or primary caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A British psychiatrist who began researching attachment in the 1940s

A

John Bowlby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bowlby’s four phases of attachment

A

Pre-attachment, preliminary attachment, clear-cut attachment, goal-directed partnership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Canadian scientist who researched infant attachment in an experimental setting

A

Mary Ainsworth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Insecure avoidant attachment (type A)

A

Unbothered by their mother’s presence or absence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secure attachment (type B)

A

Distressed when the mother leaves but happy when she returns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Insecure resistant attachment (type C)

A

Very distressed when the mother leaves the room and not comforted by her return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Harlow monkey experiments (1958)

A

Separated 8 infant monkeys from their mother 6-12 hours after birth. Placed them with surrogate mothers made of wire or cloth. Four of the cloth mothers provided food and four of the wire mothers provided food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cognitive development

A

The growth and maturing of our thinking processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A Swiss psychologist who believed that individual’s cognitive development moves through 4 distinct stages in childhood.

A

Jean Piaget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Assimilation

A

the cognitive process of incorporating new information into an existing schema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Accommodation

A

the cognitive process of restructuring an existing schema in order to fit new information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Birth-2 years
Cognitive accomplishments: Object permanence, goal directed behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pre-operational stage

A

2-7 years
Cognitive accomplishments: Animism, symbolic thinking

22
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

7-11 years
Cognitive accomplishments:
Reversibility of thought, conservation

23
Q

Formal operational stage

A

12+ years
Cognitive accomplishments:
Abstract thinking, hypothetico-deductive reasoning

24
Q

How many stages does Erikson’s theory have?

A

8

25
Q

Stage 1

A

Birth-18 months, trust vs mistrust

26
Q

Stage 2

A

18 months-3 years. autonomy vs shame and doubt

27
Q

Stage 3

A

3-5 years, initiative vs guilt

28
Q

Stage 4

A

6-12 years, industry vs inferiority

29
Q

Stage 5

A

Adolescence, identity vs role confusion

30
Q

Stage 6

A

Young adulthood, intimacy vs isolation

31
Q

Stage 7

A

Middle adulthood, generativity vs stagnation

32
Q

Stage 8

A

Late adulthood, integrity vs despair

33
Q

Critical period

A

Fixed period of time, cannot acquire skill after this time frame.

34
Q

Sensitive period

A

flexible and broad period of time, skills easier to acquire during this time, but can be learnt after

35
Q

Example of critical period

A

Learning a first language

36
Q

Example of sensitive period

A

Learning a second language

37
Q

Scientist that invented phrenology

A

Franz Joseph Gall

38
Q

Two scientists that studied split brain surgery

A

Roger Sperry, Michael Gazzaniga

39
Q

Hemisphere that processes language

A

Left hemipshere

40
Q

Neurogenesis

A

The production of new neurons

41
Q

Neural migration

A

The movement of new neurons in to their final place in the nervous system

42
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

New synapses are formed between neurons

43
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

The removal of extra, unused or weak synaptic connections

44
Q

6 stages of brain development

A

Neurogenesis, neural migration, neural maturation, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, myelination

45
Q

Sprouting

A

New connections between neurons

46
Q

Rerouting

A

An undamaged neuron finding a new connection with another undamaged neuron after losing connection with a damaged neuron

47
Q

Huntingtons disease cause

A

Single gene defect from mum or dad

48
Q

How many stages of CTE are there

A

4

49
Q

Extraneous variable

A

Anything that is not the independent variable that can affect the results

50
Q

Controlled variable

A

Variable held constant throughout the study

51
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable that’s measured

52
Q

Independent variable

A

Standalone, unchanged variable

Psychology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions