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Immunology > Exam Study > Flashcards

Exam Study Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 cells which present MHC class I molecules.

A 
T & B cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Granulocytes
(No unnucleated cells)
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2
Q

Name 4 cells which present MHC class II molecules.

A

Dendritic cells
B cells (when upregulated to do so)
Macrophages
T cells (As a rule, they don’t always have MHC II but they can)

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3
Q

B Lymphocytes: ORIGIN

A 
Bone Marrow
(In foetus = liver)
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4
Q

B Lymphocytes: DISTINCTIVE MARKERS

A

CD19 & CD21

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5
Q

B Lymphocytes: FUNCTION

A
  • Secrete antibody
  • Secrete cytokines
  • Antigen presenting cell
  • Bind antigens
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6
Q

B Lymphocytes: ANTIGEN RECEPTOR

A

B Cell Receptor (BCR)

  • Membrane bound forms of antibodies (IgM & IgD)
  • Structurally different
  • BCR looks like an antibody
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7
Q

T Lymphocytes: ORIGIN

A

Bone marrow, mature in thymus

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8
Q

T Lymphocytes: MAJOR FUNCTIONS

A
  • Recognise antigen in context of MHC Class I & II

- Secretion of cytokines

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9
Q

T Lymphocytes: TWO DISTINCT POPULATIONS

A
  • T helper cells = CD4+ (MHC II Restricted) Function is to secrete cytokines.
  • T cytotoxic cells = CD8+ (MHC I Restricted) Function is cytotoxic death of infected cell.
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10
Q

T Lymphocytes: ANTIGEN RECEPTOR

A

T Cell Receptor (TCR)

- Associated with CD3 complex

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11
Q

Compare MHC Class I and MHC Class II

A

MHC Class I:

  • On most nucleated cells
  • Endogenous Antigens
  • Present to T Cytotoxic cells

MHC Class II:

  • On antigen presenting cells
  • Exogenous (foreign) Antigens
  • Present to T Helper cells.
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12
Q

Neutrophils: % IN BLOOD

A

40%-75% of WBCs

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13
Q

Neutrophils: MAIN FUNCTION

A

Phagocytosis (Janitor)

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14
Q

Neutrophils: 2 TYPES OF GRANULES

A

Primary: Lysosomes
Secondary: Lactoferrin, Collagenase

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15
Q

Eosinophils: % IN BLOOD

A

1%-6% of WBCs

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16
Q

Eosinophils: FUNCTION

A 
Parasite infection (Eg. Malaria)
Allergy
17
Q

Eosinophils: MEDIATES CYTOTOXICITY VIA RECEPTORS

A

C3b (complement cascade: opsonisation-phagocytosis)

Some proteins are produced by eosinophils too.

18
Q

Basophils/Mast Cells: ORIGIN

A

Basophils are similar to mast cells.

  • Mast cells, final maturation is in tissue and found in tissue.
  • Basophils final maturation is in bone marrow and they are found in the blood.
19
Q

Basophils/Mast Cells: RECEPTOR

A

IgE receptor for its role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions.

20
Q

Basophils/Mast Cells: FUNCTION

A

Mediators from granules provoke inflammation

  • Histamine, serotonin and heparin production/release
  • Slow reactive substance of anaphylaxis
  • Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
21
Q

SPLEEN FUNCTION

A

Filters blood, traps blood-borne antigens. Activation of T and B cells

22
Q

LYMPH NODE FUNCTION

A

Filters antigens.

23
Q

Two examples of proinflammatory cytokines

A

IL-1 and IL-18. Important markers. Levels go up in certain conditions that go on for a long time.

24
Q

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

A
  • About 80% of total serum Igs
  • Can cross placenta
  • Only has one Y shape (monomer)
  • Complement fixation
  • Can act as an opsonin

Subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4

25
Q

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

A
  • 5-10% of total serum Igs
  • It’s a pentamer of 5 monomers bound together by J chain.
  • Great at agglutination.
26
Q

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

A
  • 10-15% of total serum Igs
  • Monomer or two monomer units = dimer
  • Secreted immunoglobulin so is associated with mucosal surfaces.
27
Q

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

A
  • Very low in concentration
  • Monomer
  • Role in hypersensitivity (allergies), and parasitic infections
  • Induces mast cell degranulation
  • ADCC
28
Q

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

A
  • 0.2% of total serum Igs
  • Don’t know a lot about
  • Important membrane bound antibody that functions as a B cell receptor.
  • Role in certain function of B cells
29
Q

What is another name for Mature B Cell?

A

Naive B Cell

Immunology (2 decks)

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