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EVDS 1660 > Exam Terms > Flashcards

Exam Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Mosque

A

a religious and social institution at the center of Islamic culture - building used for Islamic worship

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2
Q

5 Pillars of Islam

A

1- There is only one God and that Muhammad is is his messenger
2- requires prayer to be preformed: by turning to face Kaaba in Mecca 5 times daily
3- voluntary payment of annual tax or alms
4- Dawn-to-dusk fast
5- pilgrimage to Mecca

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3
Q

Mihrab

A

A recess or niche that distinguishes the wall oriented toward Mecca in the Mosque

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4
Q

Mecca

A

The holiest city in Muslims. Muhammad was born here

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5
Q

Spolia

A

Older architecture or sculpture reused in a secondary context

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6
Q

Lustreware

A

Pottery decorated with metallic glazes. Made to look like precious metals

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7
Q

Madrases

A

An Islamic institution of higher learning, where teaching is focused on theology and law

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8
Q

Garden Carpet

A

Woven carpet that portrayed a pleasured location. Used for prayer, warmth, beauty

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9
Q

Seals (seal impressions)

A

A design stamped. Horned animals, buffalo, 3 headed animals, Yogi

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10
Q

Stupa

A

A bell-shaped or dome-like religious monument. Made of piled earth, brick, stone, contains sacred relics. Fundamental element of Buddhist worship.

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11
Q

Vishnu

A

Regal god working for the order and well-being of the world

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12
Q

Shiva

A

Creative and destructive, light and dark, male and female, acetic and family man. The endless cycle of death and rebirth, destruction and creation

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13
Q

Devi

A

The Great Goddess. Controls mineral riches and fertility

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14
Q

Piece mold casting

A

A casting technique in which the mold consists of several sections that are connected during the pouring of molten metal (bronze) after the cast form has hardened, the pieces of the mold are disassembled,leaving the completed object

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15
Q

Daoism

A

The relationship between humans and nature. An outlook on life that brings together ideas regarding humans and the universe. Daoism is the ultimate way

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16
Q

Confucianism

A

A system of philosophical and ethical teachings. Rational political philosophy that emphasizes property, deference, duty, social order, and respect for authority

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17
Q

Daoism vs Confucianism

A

Daoism -metaphysical focus on the universe being the ultimate way (humankind and nature)
Confucianism- the human world and the attainment of social harmony

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18
Q

Qur’an

A

Holy book of Islam

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19
Q

Calligraphy in Islam represents

A

Writing to extend the word of God

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20
Q

Timurid Dynasty’s architecture

A

Elaborate blue domed decorated funerary complex

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21
Q

Tugras

A

Calligraphy imperial monograms used in Ottoman court. Used on coins, seals, buildings

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22
Q

The church of Hagia Sophia

A

Converted to a mosque

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23
Q

Minaret

A

Huge tower from which the faithful are called to pray

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24
Q

Two types of carpets

A

1- Woven

2- Knotted

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25
Q

Mina’i

A

Multicolored over glaze painting technique created by the persians

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26
Q

Char Bahg

A

Islamic gardens

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27
Q

Bodhisattva

A

Dressed in princely garb an jewelry

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28
Q

Taliban destroyed what and where

A

Two colossal Buddha carved into a cliff in Afghanistan

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29
Q

Bronze casting technique developed by the Chinese

A

Piece mold

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30
Q

Angkor Wat

A

Royal complex of structures dedicated to the worship of Vishnu

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31
Q

Terracotta warriors

A

Life size, individual faces, in military formation

32
Q

Han dynasty architecture is known from ceramic models found in

A

Stupas

33
Q

Hand scrolls

A

Paintings meant to be viewed in small sections

34
Q

Chinese paintings are judged by its

A

Brushwork

35
Q

Bronze bells

A

Played a part in rituals for communicating with the supernatural. 65 found in tomb of Marquis Yi

36
Q

Ushnisha

A

Protuberance on the head of Buddha

37
Q

Dogu

A

small humanoid figurines from the Jomon period

38
Q

Guan ware

A

Most prized ceramic. Imperial use

39
Q

Shinto

A

Religious belief system centered around the worship of Kami (deities)

40
Q

Pure Land Buddhism

A

Simulates the appearance of the paradise that awaits believers after death

41
Q

Nazca are known for

A

Earth works

42
Q

Flemish painter used what to create the illusion of forms becoming smaller and closer together in the distance

A

Intuitive perspective

43
Q

3 ways oil paint is used to create varied surface textures

A

1- It reflects light
2- It dries slowly
3- Applied in thin layers

44
Q

linear perspective

A

Method of creating the illusion of a three dimensional surface by delineating

45
Q

Buon fresco

A

To apply water-based paint to wet plaster

46
Q

Technique used by print makers during the 15th century

A

Woodcuts

47
Q

Vesperbild

A

Intense emotional face of Mary holding and mourning Jesus (her dead son)

48
Q

Renaissance perspective

A

Representing 3D on a 2D surface. Single vanishing point

49
Q

Loggia

A

Shelters (bay areas) in the outdoor environment

50
Q

Flying Buttress

A

Arched bridge above the aisle roof that extends from the upper nave wall to a solid pier. Wall supports

51
Q

What allowed for stained glass window area larger then wall surface

A

Bar Tracery

52
Q

To support its vault Notre Dame adopted the technique

A

Triforium

53
Q

Symbolizes the Holy Sepulcher, covers the main alter in the apse if San Clemente. Canopy above the alter

A

Baldachin

54
Q

Romanesque

A

In the Roman Manner

55
Q

Featured in Romanesque churches, allowed for higher buildings

A

Transverse arches

56
Q

Groin vault

A

Diagonal intersection (think sumo squats)

57
Q

Those who reproduce scripts, illustrations, manuscripts

A

Scriptorias

58
Q

Romanesque portals architecture element that depicts the most imagery

A

Tympanum

59
Q

Monestaries

A

Important scholarly hubs

60
Q

The Bayeux Embroidery tells the story of _______ conquest of England

A

Norman

61
Q

3 periods the middle ages are divided into

A

1- Early Medieval
2- Romanesque
3- Gothic

62
Q

Andean Textile

A

Loom weaved, dyed, embroidery

63
Q

Millefiori

A

Glass making technique in which rods of differently colored glass are fused in a long bundle that is sliced to produce disks, or small beads

64
Q

3 facts about the Irish High Cross

A

1- Their name is based on their large size
2- They can hold sacred relics
3- They are influenced by metal working traditions

65
Q

Timber churches that have survived in Norway are called

A

Stave churches

66
Q

Romanesque churches added chapels around the apse creating a cross like floor plan because of

A

The need to accommodate pilgrims

67
Q

Larger memorial stones erected by the vikings were called _______, those covered with figural decorations were called _______

A

Ruin stones, Picture stones

68
Q

Christians in the Muslim territories

A

Mozarabs

69
Q

The Merovingians

A

5th century, Franks who settled in modern France

70
Q

3 facts on textiles by the Paracas

A

1- predominance of male artists
2- uses many colors
3- made by twining, knotting, and braiding fabric

71
Q

3 shared facts of Southwestern pictographs and prehistoric cave paintings

A

1- They depict animal and human figures
2- They may record a successful hunt
3- They may have ritual significance

72
Q

3 early cultures of the early American Southwest

A

1- Hohokam
2- Mimbres/Mogollon
3- Ancestral Puebloans

73
Q

Why is African art viewed as primitive

A

The tendency to view Africa as a single country

74
Q

3 functions of textiles in Kongo culture

A

1- signs of wealth and status
2- used in funerary rituals
3- exchanged as currency

75
Q

Feature that appear in Nok sculptures of humans and animals

A

Triangular D shaped eyes

76
Q

Many symbols in the art of Benin reflect the belief that the oba ______

A

Can meditate between the human and spirit world

EVDS 1660 (1 decks)

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