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CogNeuro > Exam1 > Flashcards

Exam1 Flashcards

0
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Transmits ions from blood vessels to neurons. (Blood-brain barrier).

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

What do microglial cells do?

A

Repair damaged neurons

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3
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Create myelin

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4
Q

What do the medulla and pons do?

A

Vital functioning, sensory and motor cranial nerves.

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5
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Complex movements and posture

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6
Q

What does the inferior colliculus do?

A

Auditory processing

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7
Q

What does the superior colliculus do?

A

Integrates auditory, visual, touch info

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8
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the hindbrain?

A

Medulla, pons, cerebellum

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9
Q

The diencephalom consists of what 2 structures?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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10
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Major relay center for all sensory modalities

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11
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Homeostasis by hormone release

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12
Q

Whats does the telencephalon consist of?

A

Basil ganglia, limbic system, and the cerebral cortex.

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13
Q

What does the basil ganglia do?

A

Controlling movement

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14
Q

What does the limbic system do?

A

Emotion and memory

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15
Q

What are the 3 parts of the basil ganglia?

A

Globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen

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16
Q

Grey matter consists of what?

A

Cell bodies and glial cells

17
Q

White matter consists of what?

A

Axons and myelin

18
Q

What is a neurons resting potential?

A

-70 mv

19
Q

At what voltage will deploarization occur?

A

-55 mv

20
Q

The cortex has 6 layers or lamina. Which is the outer (surface layer)?

A

1

21
Q

Communication between adjacent cortical regions comes from which layers?

A

1-3

22
Q

Layer 5 outputs to…

A

Subcortical layers like the basil ganglia

23
Q

Output from layer 6 happens via the…

A

Thalamus

24
Q

Removal of tissue to produce a lesion is also called…

A

Aspiration

25
Q

Explain single-cell recording?

A

Recording an individual neuron with a micro-electrode by measuring changes in the rate of firing.

26
Q

Proteins formed outside the cell are called…

A

Plaques

27
Q

Protein problems inside the cell are called…

A

Tangles

28
Q

Paul Broca studied patients who could…

A

Understand language but not speak (left inferior frontal lobe)

29
Q

Carl Wernicke studied patients who…

A

Could not understand language, but could speak freely (left parietal cortex)

30
Q

Who coined the term ‘cytoarchitectonics’ which divided the brain into 52 distinct regions based on cellular organization?

A

Brodmann

31
Q

Who developed a stain to help visualize neurons?

A

Golgi

32
Q

Golgi thought that the brain was a continuous mass of cytoplasm. Who extended his findings to show that neurons are individual structures?

A

Cajal

33
Q

What is the neuron doctrine?

A

The belief that the brain is made up of independent neurons, and synchronized activity gives rise to different functions.

34
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

A

Dura, arachnoid, pia

35
Q

Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord dorsally; motor neurons exit the spinal cord…

A

Ventrally

36
Q

What is diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)?

A

A form of MRI that is sensitive to water diffusion in white matter. Myelin surrounding axons restricts water diffusion to the direction of the axon.

37
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

Same side

38
Q

Who discovered that nerves in animals travel from eyes to the brain?

A

Alcmaeon

39
Q

Who thought that the brain ventricles were the seat and soul of the intellect?

A

Galen

40
Q

Who was the first anatomist of the brain?

A

Andreas Vesalius

41
Q

Who created the first psychology laboratory?

A

William Wundt

CogNeuro (3 decks)

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