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bio lab > exam1 > Flashcards

exam1 Flashcards

1
Q

null hypothosis

A

refers to a statement that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena, between Independent and Dependent variables

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2
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable that is manipulated, can be considered the cause in cause and effect

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3
Q

Dependent variable

A

Measured in the experiment, changes bc of the independent variable, can be considered the effect in cause and effect

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4
Q

Control variable

A

All factors that are kept the same, everything except the independent variable, keeps experiment fair

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5
Q

Experimental group

A

Study objects experiencing influence of independent variable

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6
Q

Control group

A

Studies objects in all ways similar to experimental group, placed in all same conditions as experimental except the influence of the independent variable

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7
Q

alternate hypothosis

A

there is a significant relationship between independent and dependent variable

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8
Q

3 random saftey things around lab

A

fire extinguisher, fire blanket, first aid kit

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9
Q

independent variable

A

the variable changed or manipulated, CAUSE in cause effect

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10
Q

dependent variable

A

measured, changes based on independent variable, EFFECT in cause/effect

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11
Q

constant/controlled variable

A

all factors in experiment that are kept the same, everything except independent

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12
Q

experiment group

A

study objects experiencing influence independent variable

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13
Q

control group

A

study objects all ways similar to exp group, placed in all same conditions, except the influence of independent variable

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14
Q

scientific method

A
  1. observe
  2. question
  3. hypothesis
  4. prediction
  5. experiment
  6. record
  7. publish
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15
Q

lab report

A
  1. title
  2. intro
  3. abstract
  4. materials and methods
  5. results
  6. discussion
  7. works cited
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16
Q

x axis correlates with

A

independent variable

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17
Q

y axis correlates with

A

dependent variable

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18
Q

label microscope

A

:-)

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19
Q

magnification

A

factor by which image is magnified, caulcuated by multiplying power of ocular times the objective, max is 1000x

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20
Q

resolving power

A

ability to distinguish 2 objects as seperate, usually calculated as distance between 2 objects, max resolution of about .2 microm

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21
Q

contrast

A

apparent differences of images against a background, to increase, dyes are usually added

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22
Q

scanning objective

A

4x, red, calculated to be 40x

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23
Q

lower power objective

A

10x, yellow, calculated to be 100x

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24
Q

high power objective

A

40x, blue, calculated to be 400x

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25
Q

oil immersion objective

A

100x, black, calculated to be 1000x

26
Q

compound microscope

A

uses objectives, light under specimen, shorter working distance, stage elevated

27
Q

dissecting microscope

A

longer working distance, lower magnification, beam of light above specimen, used to view larger specimen, stage on bottom

28
Q

depth of field

A

increases when magnification is decreased, decreases when magnification is increased

29
Q

course adjustment knob

A

used only with the scanning objective

30
Q

way to adjust light intensity

A

iris diaphragm, light intensity control knob, condenser

31
Q

benedicts test

A

requires heat, goes from blue to orange or brown when simple sugars are present

32
Q

lugols/iodine test

A

yellow to black is starch is present

33
Q

sudan IV

A

pink to red is lipids are there

34
Q

biurets

A

blue to purple if proteins are there

35
Q

polar

A

hydrophilic, unequal share of e-

36
Q

nonpolar

A

hydrophobic, equal sharing of e-

37
Q

monosaccaride

A

directly used for energy, simple sugar, glucose, galactose, fructose

38
Q

disaccaride

A

energy transport, 2 monosaccarides linked together by dehydration, sucrose and maltose

39
Q

polysaccarides

A

soluable: used for medium-term energy storage, insoluable: used for structural support
chain of monosacc.
cellulose, chitin, starch

40
Q

peptide bonds

A

link amino acids monomers to proteins

41
Q

lipids are…

A

hydrophoboc

42
Q

prokaryotic

A

simple, no nucleus, DNA in nucleotides, simple flagella, DNA single circular molecule

43
Q

eukaryotic

A

complex, DNA in nucleus, DNA in chromatin, larger, membrane-bound organelles

44
Q

shapes of prokaryotic cells

A
  • spherical: coccus
  • rod-shaped: baccilus
  • curly: spirrilium
45
Q

clusters of prokaryotic cells

A
  • diplococcus - stes of 2
  • streplocccus - chains
  • staphlococcus - clusters
46
Q

cells loooked at in class

A

elodea, onion, cheek, cynobacteria, osclotoria

47
Q

plant cells have what compared to animal cells

A

cell wall, chloroplats, central vacuole

48
Q

onion cell vs elodea

A

onion cells dont have chloroplats

49
Q

diffusion

A

movement of solutes from area of high solute conc to low solute conc, solute molecules followe conc gradient

50
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of low slute and high water conc to a high solute lower water conc

51
Q

hypertonic

A

cells crenate, shrink, pointy, shrivelled, water leaves cell and goes outside, plasmolysis

52
Q

hypotonic

A

cells swells, become turgid, lyses, hemolysis(burst of cell)

53
Q

what do enzymes do

A

catalysts that speed up chem reactions by lowering activation energy of reaction they catalyze

54
Q

wht effects reaction rate

A

temp, pH, amt of substrate, precense of inhibitors and activators

55
Q

what happens at extreme temps to enzymes

A

can denature

56
Q

lenses that provide increasing levels of magnification and placed next to object of observation

A

objective

57
Q

what control on compound light microscope can be used to adjust contrast

A

iris diaphragm

58
Q

polysaccarides are not

A

reducing sugars

59
Q

what is common to all cells

A

ribosome, cell membrane, genetic material, cytoplasm

60
Q

equation for catalase

A

2H2O2 —> 2H2O + O2

61
Q

what affects rate of diffusion

A

size of molecule, temp, concentration

62
Q

factors that influence enzyme activity

A

pH and temp

bio lab (2 decks)

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