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FKQ Exam Prep > Exercise Physiology > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which lead is used most often and why?

A

Lead 2 is most commonly used for EKG analysis: Gives best view of P-wave and most upright QRS complex

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2
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which wave, segment, interval or complex represents the electrical forces generated by ventricular depolarization?

a) Q wave
b) ST segment
c) QRS Complex
d) T wave

A

c) QRS Complex:
electrical forces generated by ventricular depolarization; depolarization wave travels through interventricular septum via Bundle of His, bundle branches, and reaches ventricular myocardium via Purkinje fibres; left side of septum depolarizes first, and impulse spreads to the right; from endocardium (inside layer of heart) to epicardium (outside layer), in all directions.

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3
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which wave, segment, interval or complex represents the onset of ventricular depolarization; septal depolarization?

a) Q wave
b) PR Segment
c) QRS Complex
d) S wave

A

B) PR segment:
the end of P wave, until just before the Q wave represents the onset of ventricular depolarization; septal depolarization

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4
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which wave, segment, interval or complex represents the time between the onset of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization?

a) Q wave
b) PR segment
c) PR Interval
d) P wave

A

c) PR Interval:
electrical impulse conducted through AV node to bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibres; the PR interval is the time between onset of atrial depolarization and onset of ventricular depolarization

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5
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which wave, segment, interval or complex represents the total time taken for ventricular depolarization to repolarization?

a) QT interval
b) ST segment
c) T wave
d) P wave

A

a) QT Interval:
measured from beginning of QRS to end of T wave; total time taken for ventricular depolarization to repolarization.

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6
Q

When analyzing an EKG - What wave represents ventricular repolarization?

a) P wave
b) T wave
c) S wave
d) R wave
e) U wave
f) Q wave

A

b) T wave

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7
Q

When analyzing an EKG - What wave represents depolarization of the main mass of the ventricles?

a) P wave
b) T wave
c) S wave
d) R wave
e) U wave
f) Q wave

A

d) R wave:
depolarization of the main mass of the ventricles; left ventricle is larger in muscle mass, so its depolarization overpowers the right ventricle on ECG

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8
Q

When analyzing an EKG - What wave represents atrial depolarization?

a) P wave
b) T wave
c) S wave
d) R wave
e) U wave
f) Q wave

A

a) P wave:
sinoatrial node in right atrium initiates atrial depolarization, producing P wave.

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9
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which wave, segment, interval or complex represents septal depolarization?

a) QT interval
b) ST segment
c) T wave
d) Q wave

A

d) Q wave:
represents septal depolarization (about 25% amplitude of R wave)

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10
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which wave, segment, interval or complex represents the repolarization of mid-myocardial cells?

a) U wave
b) PR segment
c) T wave
d) Q wave

A

a) U wave:
represents the repolarization of mid-myocardial cells; between endo and epicardium, and His-Purkinje system.

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11
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which wave, segment, interval or complex represents the the final depolarization at the base (apex) of the heart?

a) U wave
b) PR segment
c) S wave
d) Q wave

A

c) S wave

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12
Q

When analyzing an EKG - Which wave, segment, interval or complex represents the period between the end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of repolarization?

a) ST segment
b) PR segment
c) T wave
d) Q wave

A

a) ST segment:
from the J point/ST junction to beginning of T wave; period between the end of ventricular depolarization and beginning of repolarization

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13
Q

What do the x- and y-axis represent on an ECG paper?

A

X-axis = time (s)
Y-axis = amplitude of electric signal (mV)

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14
Q

On an EKG paper, where each small square is 1mm per side and the paper speed = 25 mm/s, how much time does 1 small square represent?

A

1 small square =0.04s on the x-axis

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15
Q

On an EKG paper, where each small square is 1mm per side and the paper speed = 25 mm/s, how much time does 1 large square represent?
(1 large square = 5 small squares)

A

1 large square = 0.2s

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16
Q

On an EKG paper, where each small square is 1mm per side and the paper speed = 25 mm/s, how many large squares are counted in 1 second.

A

5 large squares = 1 sec

17
Q

How many mV’s are represented by 1 small square on standard EKG paper ( where 1 small square = 1mm)?

A

1 small square = 1mm = 0.1mV
(1.0mV = 10mm)

18
Q

On an EKG paper, where each small square is 1mm per side and the paper speed = 25 mm/s, how many large squares equal 1.0mV?

A

2 large squares = 1.0mV

19
Q

True or False: The P wave is measured only in seconds

A

False. the P wave is measured by both time (in seconds) and by amplitude (in mm / mV)

20
Q

What is the normal range for the PR interval in ms?

A

PR Interval, normal: 0.12-0.20 seconds = 120-200 ms

21
Q

What is the normal time range for QRS duration in ms?

A

0.06-0.10 seconds = 60-100 ms

22
Q

What is the normal time and amplitude of the P wave? (in seconds and mm)

A

<0.12s, <2.5mm tall

23
Q

What heart arrhythmias will P waves be absent?

A

Atrial Fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation

24
Q

When someone has atrial fibrillation there HR will be between:
a) 60-100 bpm
b) 130-200 bpm
c) 100-180 bpm

A

c) 100-180 bpm (slower is possible)
Atrial Fibrillation:
irregular ventricular rhythm
atrial rhythm 300-600 bpm

25
Q

What heart arrhythmia will have absent P waves, QRS duration and T waves?

A

Ventricular fibrillation:
chaotic inflections of amplitude
- VERY serious
- ventricles do not perform normal contractions; quiver, weak contractions; could be caused by insufficient venous return, heart damage, overdose, cardiomyopathies

26
Q

What type of heart arrhythmia would be indicated by prolonged PR interval?

A

AV Heart Block:
1st Degree: prolonged >0.2s
2nd degree: lengthens progressively
3rd degree: constant, but prolonged

27
Q

Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is common and is mostly benign. When would a PVC be more concerning?

A

When a PVC appears with other arrhythmia(s), it may be concerning.

28
Q
A

FKQ Exam Prep (15 decks)

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